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Microbiology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The 6 I’s

A

Inoculation, incubation, isolation, inspection, information gathering, and identification

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2
Q

Magnification

A

The ability to make objects appear enlarged

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3
Q

Resolving power

A

The ability to show detail

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4
Q

Refraction

A

The bending or change in angle of light ray as it passes through a medium such as a lens

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5
Q

Simple microscope

A

Contained a single magnifying lens and a few working parts

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6
Q

Compound microscopes

A

Second magnifying system and a condenser that focuses the light rays to a single point on the object

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7
Q

Real image

A

The initial image of the specimen

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8
Q

Virtual image

A

The second image, will be received by the eye and converted to a retinal ad visual image

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9
Q

Resolution or resolving power

A

Defined the capacity of an optical system to distinguish two adjacent objects or points from one another

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10
Q

Numerical aperture (NA)

A

A mathematical constant derived from the physical structure of the lens

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11
Q

Differential interference contrast (DIC)

A

Provides a detailed view of unstained, live specimen by manipulating the light

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12
Q

Fluorescence

A

The dyes five off visible light when bombarded by shorter ultraviolet rays

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13
Q

Wet mounts

A

Thy can be observed as near to their natural Tate as possible

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14
Q

Hanging drop slides

A

Made with concave

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15
Q

Heat fixation

A

Simultaneously kills the specimen and secures it to the slide

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16
Q

Basic dyes (cationic)

A

Have a positive charge

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17
Q

Acidic dyes (anionic)

A

Have a negative charge

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18
Q

Simple stains

A

Require only a single dye

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19
Q

Differential stains

A

Use two different-colored dyes: primary dye and counter stain

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20
Q

Gram positive

A

Stain purple

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21
Q

Gram negative

A

Stain pink/ red

22
Q

Acid fast bacteria

A

Stain pink

23
Q

Nonacid fast bacteria

A

Stain blue/ purple

24
Q

Endospore forming

A

Stain green

25
Q

Nonendospore forming (vegetative)

A

Stain pink

26
Q

Structural stains

A

Used to emphasize cell parts such as capsules, endospores, flagella..

27
Q

Culture

A

To cultivate microorganisms

28
Q

Medium

A

Provides an environment where microorganisms can multiply

29
Q

Inoculation

A

The process of introducing microorganisms to a medium so they an multiply

30
Q

Isolation

A

If cells are provided adequate space in a nutrient surface, it will grow into a colony

31
Q

Colony

A

A discrete mound of cells

32
Q

Incubated

A

Put in a temperature controlled chamber to encourage microbial growth

33
Q

Pure culture

A

A container of medium that grows only a single known species or type of organism

34
Q

Subculture

A

A tiny bit of cells is transferred to a separate container of media and incubated

35
Q

Mixed culture

A

Holds two or more easily differentiated media

36
Q

Contaminants

A

Unwanted microbes of uncertain identity

37
Q

Biochemical tests

A

Can determine fundamental chemical characteristics such as nutrient requirements, products given off during growth, presence of enzymes, and mechanisms for deriving energy

38
Q

Liquid media

A

Water based solutions that do not solidify at temperatures above freezing and tend to flow freely when the container is tilted

39
Q

Semisolid media

A

Solidifying agent that thickens them but does not produce a firm substrate

40
Q

Solid media

A

Provide a firm surface where cells can form discrete colonies

41
Q

Agar

A

A polysaccharide isolated from the red alga Gelidium

42
Q

Nonliquefiable solid media

A

Do not melt

43
Q

Synthetic (chemically defined composition)

A

Contain pure chemical nutrients that vary little from one source to another

44
Q

Nonsynthetic (complex) medium

A

If one component of a given medium cannot be defined

45
Q

General purpose media

A

Designed to grow a broad spectrum of microbes that don’t have special growth requirements ; nonsynthetic

46
Q

Enriched medium

A

Contains complex organic substances that certain species must be provided in order to grow

47
Q

Fastidious

A

Bacteria that require growth factors and complex nutrients

48
Q

Selective medium

A

Contains one or more agents that inhibit the growth of a certain microbe

49
Q

Differential media

A

Grow several types of microorganisms but are designed to bring out visible differences among those microorganisms

50
Q

Transport media

A

Used to maintain and preserve specimens that have to be held for a period of time before clinical analysis or to sustain delicate species that die rapidly if not held under stable conditions

Microbiology (17 decks)

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