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Microbiology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biofilm

A

A complex association that arises from microorganisms growing together and interacting on the surface of a habitat

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2
Q

Ubiquitous

A

Found in all natural habitats; being everywhere at the same time

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3
Q

Prokaryotic

A

“Before the nucleus”; bacterial cells

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4
Q

Eukaryotic

A

Developed nucleus and organelles; “true nucleus”

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5
Q

Microbiology

A

A specialized area that deals with tiny life forms that are not readily observed without magnification

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6
Q

Viruses

A

Composed of a small amount of heredity material wrapped in a protein cover; are microbes but not cells

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7
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The light fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material, accompanied by the formation of oxygen

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8
Q

Decomposition

A

Breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds that can be directed back into the natural cycles of living things

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9
Q

Recombinant DNA

A

Alters DNA and switch genetic material from one organism to another

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10
Q

Bioremediation

A

Introduces microbes to the environment to restore stability or clean up toxic pollutants

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11
Q

Pathogen

A

Disease causing agents

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12
Q

Zoonoses

A

Infectious diseases native to animals that can be transmitted to humans

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13
Q

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

A

Made the single-lens microscope

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14
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

Uses general observations to explain a certain phenomenon

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15
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

Specific observations are used to develop a general explanation

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16
Q

Hypothesis

A

An early explanation or estimate to how something will turn out

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17
Q

Theory

A

Collection of statements or concepts that explains a natural event

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18
Q

Law or principle

A

When a theory has stood the test of time and has yet to be disproved

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19
Q

Edward Jenner

A

Controlled smallpox with the scientific method

20
Q

John Tyndall

A

Proved that microbes in air and dust have high heat resistance and vigorous treatment is required to destroy them

21
Q

Ferdinand Cohn

A

Clarified the reason heat would sometimes fail to completely eliminate all microorganisms. This is where sterile comes from

22
Q

Sterile

A

Meaning completely free of all life forms including spores and viruses

23
Q

Robert Koch

A

Linked a microscopic organism with a specific disease

24
Q

Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes

A

Observed that mothers who gave birth at home experienced less infections that those having birth in the hospital

25
Q

Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis

A

Showed that women became infected in the maternity ward after exams from physician coming directly from the autopsy room

26
Q

Joseph Lister

A

Introduced aseptic techniques

27
Q

Aseptic techniques

A

Aimed to reduce microbes in a medical setting and preventing wound infections. Reduces pathogens; not necessarily sterilize

28
Q

The germ theory of diseases

A

The idea that human diseases could arise from infection

29
Q

Taxonomy (taxa)

A

A system for organizing, classifying, and naming living things

30
Q

Carl von Linné

A

Came up with taxonomy rules

31
Q

Classification

A

Arrangement of organisms into groups that indicate evolutionary relationships and history

32
Q

Nomenclature

A

System of assigning names to various taxonomic rankings of each microbial species

33
Q

Identification

A

Determining and recording the traits of organisms in order to trace their exact identity and taxonomy placement

34
Q

Taxonomy Hierarchy

A

Domain, kingdom, phylum (or division), class, order, family, genus, and species

35
Q

Domain

A

All inclusive category based on a unique cell type

36
Q

Species

A

The smallest, most specific taxon

37
Q

Phylum

A

Used for protozoa, animals, bacteria, and fungi

38
Q

Division

A

Algae and plants

39
Q

Scientific name or specific epithet

A

Binomial (two-named) system combined of the genus name (capitalized) followed by the species name (lower case) and are both italicized or underlined

40
Q

Phylogeny

A

The natural relatedness between groups of living things

41
Q

Evolution

A

Living things change gradually through billions of years and these result in many types of structural and functional adaptions

42
Q

Morphology

A

Structure

43
Q

Physiology

A

Function

44
Q

Genetics

A

Inheritance

45
Q

Rules of evolution

A
  1. ) all new species come from preexisting species

2. ) closely related organisms have similar features because they evolved from common ancestral forms

46
Q

Prokaryotic domains

A

Archaea and bacteria

47
Q

Eukaryotic domain

A

Eukarya

Microbiology (17 decks)

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