Chapter 15

Question 1

Stromal cells

Answer 1

Huge cells that nurture the lymphocyte stem cells and provide chemical signals that initiate B-cell development

Question 2

Clusters of differentiation (CD receptors)

Answer 2

Different classes of T-cell surface molecules added during maturation

Question 3

Antigen (antigenicity)

Answer 3

Any molecule or fragment of a molecule that has the potential to trigger a specific immune response by lymphocytes

Question 4

Immunogen or immunogenicity

Answer 4

A type of antigen that actually does induce a specific immune response when introduced into the body

Question 5

Adaptive or acquired immunity

Answer 5

Third line of defense; provides long term protection from infections or vaccinations

Question 6

Immunocompetence

Answer 6

The ability of the body to react with a wide spectrum of foreign substances begin to develp

Question 7

Antigens

Answer 7

Any molecule that can stimulate a response by T and B cells

Question 8

Specificity and memory

Answer 8

Two features of the adaptive immunity

Question 9

J chain

Answer 9

Helps keep the monomers of IgA and IgM together

Question 10

Secretory component

Answer 10

Helps move IgA across the mucous membranes

Question 11

Isotypes

Answer 11

Structural and functional classes of immunoglobins

Question 12

IgG

Answer 12

A monomer produced by a plasma cell late in response by memory cells responding the second time to a given antigenic stimulus

Question 13

IgA

Answer 13

Two forms:

1. ) a monomer that circulates in small amounts in the blood
2. ) a dimer that is an important component to the mucous and serous secretions of the salivary glands, intestine, nasal membrane, breast, lung, and genitourinary tract

Question 14

IgM

Answer 14

Huge molecule composed of five monomers attached by the Fc portions to a central J chain

Question 15

IgD

Answer 15

A monomer found in the serum and does not fix complement, opsonize, or cross the placenta

Question 16

IgE

Answer 16

An uncommon blood component unless one is allergenic or has a parasitic worm infection

Question 17

Antiserum

Answer 17

Serum containing specific antibodies

Question 18

Gamma globulin

Answer 18

Composed primarily of IgG

Question 19

Titer

Answer 19

Concentration standard

Question 20

Primary response

Answer 20

The first exposure to an antigen or immunogen

Question 21

Latent period (lag)

Answer 21

The earliest part of the primary response; a lack of antibodies for that antigen; much activity occurring

Question 22

Anamnestic response

Answer 22

The secondary response; a recalling

Question 23

Immunotherapy

Answer 23

Passive immunization where a person is given antibodies

Question 24

Immune serum globulin (ISG) or gamma globulin

Answer 24

Contains immunoglobulin extracted from the pooled blood of at least 1000 human donors

Question 25

Specific immune globulin (SIG)

Answer 25

A preparation; a more defined group of donors

Question 26

Vaccination

Answer 26

Exposing a person to material that is immunogenic but not pathogenic

Question 27

Killed or inactivated vaccines

Answer 27

Prepared with a desired stain or strains of a bacterium or virus and treating them with formalin, radiation, heat, or some other agent that does not change the antigenic structure

Question 28

Attenuated

Answer 28

Any process that substantially lessens or negates the virulence of viruses or bacteria

Question 29

Acellular or subcellular vaccines

Answer 29

Vaccines made from bacterial cell parts

Question 30

Subunit vaccines

Answer 30

Vaccines that are isolated from viruses

Question 31

Toxoid

Answer 31

Special type of vaccine that consists of a purified fragment of bacterial exotoxin that has been inactivated; provide protection against toxinoses

Question 32

DNA vaccines

Answer 32

DNA is inserted into a plasmid vector and inoculated into a recipient

Question 33

Adjuvant

Answer 33

Any compound that enhances immunogenicity and prolongs antigen retention at the injection site

Question 34

Herd immunity

Answer 34

Individuals immune to a communicable infectious disease will not harbor it; reduces the occurrence of that pathogen