Chapter 11

Question 1

Highest resistance

Answer 1

Prions: proteinaceous infectious particles; bacterial endospores: mostly from Bacillus and Clostridium

Question 2

Moderate resistance

Answer 2

Protozoan cysts; some sexual spores; some viruses

Question 3

Least resistance

Answer 3

Most bacterial vegetative cells; fungal spores and hyphae; envelopes viruses; yeasts; and protozoan trophozoites

Question 4

Sterilization

Answer 4

A process that destroys or removes all viable microorganisms

Question 5

-cide

Answer 5

To kill

Question 6

Bactericide

Answer 6

A chemical that destroys bacteria except for those in the endospore stage

Question 7

Fungicide

Answer 7

A chemical that can kill fungal spores, hyphae, and yeasts

Question 8

Virucide

Answer 8

A chemical known to inactivate viruses

Question 9

Sporicidal agent

Answer 9

Can destroy bacterial endospores; makes it a sterilizing agent

Question 10

Stasis and static

Answer 10

Mean to stand still

Question 11

Microbistasis

Answer 11

Microbes are temporarily prevented from multiplying but are not killed outright

Question 12

Bacteriostatic agents

Answer 12

Prevent the growth of bacteria on tissues or on objects in the environment

Question 13

Fungistatic chemicals

Answer 13

Inhibit fungal growth

Question 14

Germicide (microbicide)

Answer 14

Any chemical agent that kills pathogenic microorganisms

Question 15

Disinfection

Answer 15

The use of a physical process or a chemical agent (a disinfectant) to destroy vegetative pathogens but not bacterial endospores

Question 16

Sepsis

Answer 16

The growth of microorganisms in the blood and other tissues

Question 17

Asepsis

Answer 17

Any practice that prevents the entry of infectious agents into sterile tissues And this prevents infection

Question 18

Antisepsis

Answer 18

Chemical agents (antiseptics) are applied directly to exposed body surfaces: wounds, and surgical incisions to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens

Question 19

Desiccated

Answer 19

Dehydrated; to dry at normal environmental temperatures

Question 20

Lyophilization

Answer 20

A common method of preserving microorganisms and other cells in a viable state for many years; to dissolve; to love

Question 21

Radiation

Answer 21

Energy emitted from atomic activities and dispersed at high velocity through matter or space

Question 22

Irradiation

Answer 22

Bombardment with radiation at the cellular level

Question 23

Ionizing radiation

Answer 23

Causes ions to form

Question 24

Nonionizing radiation

Answer 24

Excited ions by raising them to a higher energy state but does not ionize them

Question 25

Cold sterilization

Answer 25

Irradiation is a type of this because it sterilizes in the absence of heat