chapter 3

Question 1

respiratory system components

Answer 1

lungs

trachea

rib cage

thorax

abdomen

diaphragm

Question 2

preparatory breath

Answer 2

taken before speaking

more air volume needed for speech

Question 3

inhalation-exhalation cycle at rest

Answer 3

40% inhalation
60% exhalation

Question 4

inhalation-exhalation cycle during speech

Answer 4

10% inhalation
90% exhalation

Question 5

inhalation process

Answer 5

thoracic cavity expands

diaphragm contracts, lowers, & expands rib cage (intercostal muscles)

Question 6

exhalation

Answer 6

lungs deflate (elastic tissue)

diaphragm relaxes

airstream expelled through trachea

Question 7

laryngeal system components

Answer 7

larynx

hyoid bone

vocal folds

Question 8

phonation

Answer 8

the vibration of vocal folds during speech production

Question 9

phonation process

Answer 9

subglottal pressure builds as the airstream enters the larynx

causes vocal folds to open

Question 10

how do vocal folds close

Answer 10

elasticity

bernouli effect

Question 11

bernouli effect

Answer 11

as air rushes through the glottis, the drop in air pressure pulls the vocal folds back together

Question 12

abduction

Answer 12

apart

Question 13

adduction

Answer 13

together

Question 14

what determines voice pitch

Answer 14

size (mass) of the larynx

Question 15

supralaryngeal system components

Answer 15

pharynx

oral caavity

nasal cavity

articulators

form the vocal tract

Question 16

pharynx

Answer 16

directs airflow from the larynx to the oral & nasal cavities

Question 17

3 parts of the pharynx

Answer 17

laryngo
oro
naso

Question 18

articulation

Answer 18

process of modifying the airstream & acoustic vibrations using speech organs to produce phonemes

Question 19

articulators

Answer 19

lips

teeth

alveolar ridge

hard palate

velum (soft palate)

glottis

tongue

Question 20

resonance

Answer 20

refers to the vibratory properties of any vibrating body that contributes to the unique sound quality of each phoneme

Question 21

source-filter theory

Answer 21

source = vocal folds

filter = vocal tract (articulators)

Question 22

sound quality

Answer 22

perceptual character of a sound based on resonance patterns

Question 23

pressure & volume relationship

Answer 23

gas flows from higher to lower pressure

volume & pressure opposites

Question 24

place of articulation

Answer 24

where the sound is made

Question 25

manner of articulation

Answer 25

how the sound is made

Question 26

stop consonant

Answer 26

complete closure in oral tract

soft palate raised to close velum

Question 27

nasal consonant

Answer 27

complete closure of oral tract

soft palate lowered to allow airflow through nose

Question 28

fricative consonants

Answer 28

narrow constriction is formed in oral tract

turbulent airstream generated

Question 29

approximants

Answer 29

1 articulator is close to another w/out vocal tract being narrowed

glides & liquids

Question 30

vowels

Answer 30

articulators do not come close together, unobstructed airway

tongue advancement (front, mid, back)
tongue height (high, low)
lip gestures (rounded)