chapter 3 Flashcards
respiratory system components
lungs
trachea
rib cage
thorax
abdomen
diaphragm
preparatory breath
taken before speaking
more air volume needed for speech
inhalation-exhalation cycle at rest
40% inhalation
60% exhalation
inhalation-exhalation cycle during speech
10% inhalation
90% exhalation
inhalation process
thoracic cavity expands
diaphragm contracts, lowers, & expands rib cage (intercostal muscles)
exhalation
lungs deflate (elastic tissue)
diaphragm relaxes
airstream expelled through trachea
laryngeal system components
larynx
hyoid bone
vocal folds
phonation
the vibration of vocal folds during speech production
phonation process
subglottal pressure builds as the airstream enters the larynx
causes vocal folds to open
how do vocal folds close
elasticity
bernouli effect
bernouli effect
as air rushes through the glottis, the drop in air pressure pulls the vocal folds back together
abduction
apart
adduction
together
what determines voice pitch
size (mass) of the larynx
supralaryngeal system components
pharynx
oral caavity
nasal cavity
articulators
form the vocal tract
pharynx
directs airflow from the larynx to the oral & nasal cavities
3 parts of the pharynx
laryngo
oro
naso
articulation
process of modifying the airstream & acoustic vibrations using speech organs to produce phonemes
articulators
lips
teeth
alveolar ridge
hard palate
velum (soft palate)
glottis
tongue
resonance
refers to the vibratory properties of any vibrating body that contributes to the unique sound quality of each phoneme
source-filter theory
source = vocal folds
filter = vocal tract (articulators)
sound quality
perceptual character of a sound based on resonance patterns
pressure & volume relationship
gas flows from higher to lower pressure
volume & pressure opposites
place of articulation
where the sound is made
manner of articulation
how the sound is made
stop consonant
complete closure in oral tract
soft palate raised to close velum
nasal consonant
complete closure of oral tract
soft palate lowered to allow airflow through nose
fricative consonants
narrow constriction is formed in oral tract
turbulent airstream generated
approximants
1 articulator is close to another w/out vocal tract being narrowed
glides & liquids
vowels
articulators do not come close together, unobstructed airway
tongue advancement (front, mid, back)
tongue height (high, low)
lip gestures (rounded)
