Chapter 3 Flashcards
Neuron
Brain cell for transmitting signals
There are 100 billion in the brain
What are glial cells
Support cells in the brain
There are about 900 billion in the brain
What two regions can regrow neurons
Hippocampus and olfactory bulb
How does Francis crick feel about the mind-body question?
You are just a hunch of cells
How does roger sperry feel about the mind body question
Two sides coin one side does scientifically functions and the other is emotions and thinking etc
Cell body
A relatively large egg shaped structures that provides fuel
Dendrites
Branchlike extensions
Axon
A single threadlike structure that extends from and carries signals away from the cell body to neighboring neurons, muscles, and organs
Myelin sheath
Looks like separate tubelike segments, prevents interference from electrical signals generates in adjacent axons
End bulbs
Located at the extreme end if the axons branches, stores neurotransmitter
Synapse
Small space between and end bulb and its adjacent body organ
Peripheral nervous system
Nerves that are located throughout the body
Central nervous system
Spinal cord and brain nerves
Multiple sclerosis
Disease that attacks the myelin sheaths
Is sodium positive or negative
Positive
Potassium-positive or negative
Positive
Protein-positive or negative
Negative
Ions
Chemical particles with eclectic charges
Nerve impulse
Refers to the series of separate action potentials that take place segment by segment as they move down the length of an axon
All or none law
Says that I’d an actin potential starts at the beginning of an axon the action potential will continue at the same speed to the very end of the axon
Resting state
Means that the axon has a charge or potential
Sodium pump
A transport process that picks up sodium ions that enter the axons chemical gates and returns them back outside.
Responsible for keeping axon charged
In resting state is the cell positive or negative
Negative
Action potential
A tiny electric current that is generated when the positive sodium ions rush inside the cell
Transmitter
A chemical messenger that carries information between nerves
Excitatory transmitters
Open chemical locks
Inhibitory transmitters
Block chemical locks
Alcohol acts like
GABA
Endorphins
- painkiller
- similar to morphine
Anandamide
- similar to THC aka marijuana
- helps regulate emotions
Nitric oxcide
Aggression
Reflex
An unlearned involuntary reaction to a stimulous
Afferent neurons
Sensory
Efferent neurons
Motor
Inter neuron
Makes connections between neurons
Reuptake
A process through which some neurotransmitters such as dopamine are removed from the synapse by being transported back into the end bulbs
Cocaine affects the reuptake of
Dopamine
Curare
Causes Paralysis because it blocks the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
Mescaline
Drug that causes hallucinations
Similar to norepinephrine
Autonomic
Involuntary muscles
Somatic
Voluntary muscles
Sympathetic
Expends energy
Prepares for emergencies & strenuous activities
Speeds up the heart
Increase blood pressure
Parasympathetic
Conserves energy
Helps body recover after activity
Chemical gates
Aka nodes of ranvier
Allow for the exchange of ions
GABA
A major inhibitory neurotransmitter
Under supply linked to seizures tremors and insomnia
