Chapter 17&18

Question 0

Phallic Stage

Answer 0

Freud
Stage 3
Age 3-6years
Pleasure seeking is centered around genitals
Compete with parent of same sex for affections of parent of opposite sex

Question 1

Freuds

Oral stage

Answer 1

Age: 0-18 months
1st Freud stage
Pleasure seeking around mouth

Question 2

Fixation in phallic stage may cause

Answer 2

Inferiority for women

Having something to prove for men

Question 3

Genital stage

Answer 3

Freud
Age puberty to adult
Individual has renewed sexual desires and the person seeks to fulfill relationships with opposite sex

Question 4

Anal stage

Answer 4

Freud
Stage 2
Age 1.5-3 years
Pleasure is centered on anus and it’s function of elimination

Question 5

Fixation in anal stage

Answer 5

Retention-may be neat, stingy, or rigid

Elimination-too generous or messy

Question 6

Latency stage

Answer 6

Freud
Stage 4
Age 6-12(puberty)
Child represses sexual thoughts and engages in non sexual activities like making friends

Question 7

Concrete operations

Answer 7

Piaget
Age 7-11
Stage 3
-understand conservation, some trouble with abstract ideas, classification ability improves

Question 8

Preoperational

Answer 8

Piaget- stage 2
Age 2-7
-egocentric thinking, no conservation, uses symbols like words and images to solve problems

Question 9

Formal operations

Answer 9

Piaget- stage 4
Age 11 and up
Understands abstract ideas and hypothetical situations, capable of logic and reasoning

Question 10

Sensorimotor

Answer 10

Piaget - stage 1
Age birth to 2
- simple motor responses to sensory stimuli
-no object permanence

Question 11

Piaget’s key ideas

Answer 11

1. Children learn gradually step by step
2. Children are naturally curious
3. Children develop thinking abilities as they go through different stages of cognitive development

Question 12

Intimacy v. Isolation

Answer 12

Erikson stage 6
Age: young adult
-find intimacy by developing loving and meaningful relationships

Question 13

Initiative v. Guilt

Answer 13

Erikson stage 3
Age: 3-6
-parents will either encourage (positive effect on child) or discourage being initiative=planning

Question 14

Trust v Mistrust

Answer 14

Erikson stage 1
Age: infancy
-is my world supportive

Question 15

Ego integrity v despair

Answer 15

Erikson stage 8
Old adult
“Have I lived a full life”
Content with how you’ve lived v regret with life

Question 16

Identity v role confusion

Answer 16

Erikson stage 5
Age: early teens
-teens must leave childhood behind and become better at being responsible

Question 17

Industry v inferiority

Answer 17

Erikson stage 4
Age: 6-12
-child must apply themselves in school–industry
-if child doesn’t apply themselves they will feel incompetent and inferior

Question 18

Generativity v stagnation

Answer 18

Erikson stage 7
Middle adult
-achieve generativity by raising children and helping next generation
-not being involved=stagnation

Question 19

Autonomy v shame/doubt

Answer 19

Erikson stage 2
Age:1-3
-battle of wills between parents’ wishes and child’s desires
-parents will either encourage independence or not

Question 20

Social role theory

Answer 20

Emphasizes that gender roles are caused by how parents reward children and which behaviors they reward

Question 21

Cognitive development theory

Answer 21

Child develops a gender schematic which is how they get gender roles as new info enters schema

Question 22

Preconventional level

Answer 22

Kohlberg level 1
Moral decisions based on fear of punishment (stage 1)
Moral decisions based on immediate family or consequences (stage 2)

Question 23

Conventional

Answer 23

(Social approval)
Intermediate level-kohlberg
Conforming to others standards (stage 3)
Moral reasoning is determined by confirming to laws and standards (stage 4)

Question 24

Post conventional

Answer 24

(Abstract ideas)

• moral decisions are made after carefully thinking about all the alternatives and striking a balance between human rights and laws of society-stage 5
• stage 6 has been omitted because few have reached it