Ch.25 Social Psychology

Question 0

Social neuroscience

Answer 0

An emerging area of research that examines social behavior, such as perceiving others, by combining biological and social approaches

Question 1

Person perception

Answer 1

Refers to seeing someone and then forming impressions and making judgements about that persons likeability and the kind of person he or she is, such as guessing his or her intentions, traits, and behaviors

Question 2

Stereotypes

Answer 2

Widely held beliefs that people have certain traits because they belong to a certain group

Question 3

Prejudice

Answer 3

Refers to an unfair, biased, or intolerant attitude toward another group of people

Question 4

Discrimination

Answer 4

Refers to specific unfair behaviors exhibited toward members of a group

Question 5

Person schemas

Answer 5

Include our judgements about the traits that we and others possess

Question 6

Role schemas

Answer 6

Based on the jobs people perform or the social positions they hold

Question 7

Event schemas

Answer 7

Also called scripts, contain behaviors that we associate with familiar activities, events or procedures

Question 8

Self schemas

Answer 8

Contain personal information about ourselves and this information influences, modifies, and distorts what we perceive and remember and how we behave

Question 9

Disadvantages of schemas

Answer 9

Resistant to change and the restrict, distort, and bias our thinking

Question 10

Advantages of schema

Answer 10

Help us respond appropriately to situations and have a general idea of something based on a schema

Question 11

Internal attributions

Answer 11

Explanations of behavior based in the internal characteristics or dispositions of the person performing the behavior

Sometimes called dispositional attributions

Question 12

External attributions

Answer 12

Explanations of behavior based on external circumstances or situations

Sometimes called situational attributions

Question 13

Attributions

Answer 13

Things we point to as the causes of events, other peoples behaviors, and our own behaviors

Question 14

Covariation model

Answer 14

Developed by Harold Kelley
In making attributions, we should look for factors that are present when the behavior occurs and factors that are absent when the behavior does not occur

Question 15

Consensus

Answer 15

Means determining whether other people engage in the same behavior in the same situation

Question 16

Consistency

Answer 16

Means determining whether other people engage in the same behavior in the same situation

Question 17

Distinctiveness

Answer 17

Means determining how differently the person behaves in one situation when compared to other situations

Question 18

Cognitive miser model

Answer 18

Says that, in making attributions, people feel they must conserve time and effort by taking cognitive shortcuts

Question 19

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 19

Refers to our tendency, when we look for causes of a person’a behavior, to focus on the person’s disposition or personality traits and overlook how the situation influenced the persons behavior

Question 20

Actor-observer-effect

Answer 20

Refers to the tendency, when you are behaving, to attribute your own behavior to situational factors. But when you observe others you attribute another’s behavior to his personality

Question 21

Self serving bias

Answer 21

Refers to explaining our successes by attributing them to our dispositions or personality traits and explaining our failures by attributing them to the situations