Ch. 2 Flashcards
Disadvantage of surveys
& advantage of surveys
Biased due to wrong answers or lies
Efficient way to obtain info from a large number of people
Survey
A way to obtain info by asking many people to answer a fixed set of questions
Case study
An in depth analysis of thoughts, feelings, beliefs, experiences, behaviors, or problems of a single individual
Disadvantage and advantage of case study
Dis: detailed info about only one person so may not apply to all people
Adv: detailed info which may allow for a greater understanding of a particular persons life
Experiment
A method for identifying cause and effect relationships by following a set of rules and guidelines that minimize the possibility of errors,bias, and chance occurrence
Disadvantage & advantages for experiment
Dis: information obtained in one experiment may not apply to other situations
Adv: greatest potential for identifying cause and effect relationships with less error and bias
Testimonial
A statement in support of a particular viewpoint based on detailed observations of a persons own personal experience
Self fulfilling prophecies
Involves having a strong belief of making a statement about a future behavior then acting, usually unknowingly, to fulfill or carry out the behavior
Placebo
Fake treatment to see if change is caused by medicine or by self fulfilling prophecies
Correlation
An association or relationship between the occurrence of two or more events
Correlation coefficient
Indicates the strength of a relationship; number is either between -1 or 1
Interview
A technique for obtaining info by asking questions, usually in a one on one situation
Questionnaire
A technique for obtaining info by asking subjects to read a list of written questions and check off specific answers
Laboratory experiment
A technique to gather info about the brain, genes, or behavior with the least error and bias by using a controlled environment that allows for careful observation and measurement
Standardized test
Technique to obtain info by administering a psychological test that had been standardized
Disadvantage and advantage of standardized test
Dis: may be biased towards certain groups of people
Adv: allow for comparisons to be made across schools, states, and groups of people
Animal model
Involves examining or manipulating some behavioral, genetic, or physiological factor that closely approximates some human problem, disease, or condition
Naturalistic setting
A relatively normal environment in which researchers gather info by observing individuals behaviors without attempting to change or control the situation
Laboratory setting
Involves studying individuals under systematic and controlled conditions, with many of the real-world influences eliminated
Brain parts involved in ADHD
Prefrontal lobe
Corpus callosum
Cerebellum
Advantage and disadvantage of using a laboratory setting
Dis: may be so controlled that the results don’t apply to real life situations
Adv: psychologists can carefully control and manipulate one or more treatments while reducing error or bias from environmental factors
One problem with naturalistic setting is:
Psychologists’ own beliefs may cause them to misinterpret or misperceive some behaviors
One advantage of naturalistic setting is
Opportunity to study behaviors in real life situations and environments
Steps in an experiment
- Ask a question and come up with hypothesis
- Identify variables
- use random selection to pick participants
- Randomly Assign participants to control group or experimental group
- Assign treatments (double blind?)
- Measure the results
- Analyze the results
Statistical procedures
Used to determine whether differences are observed in dependent variables are due to independent variables it to error or chance
Used in stage 7 of steps in an experiment
Debriefing
Includes explaining the purpose and method of the experiment, asking the participants their feelings about being participants in the experiment, and helping participants deal with possible doubts or guilt from the experiment
