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AP PSYCHOLOGY > Ch19&20 > Flashcards

Ch19&20 Flashcards

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0
Q

Positive regard

A

Love,sympathy,warmth, and acceptance which we crave from family, friends, and people who are important to us

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1
Q

Alfred Adler

A
  • inferiority complex
  • said humans are motivated by social urges
  • his theory became individual psychology
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2
Q

Karen Horney

A

Disagreed with Freuds view of women and disagreed with penis envy
-most important factor in child’s development was child-parent social interactions

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3
Q

Your perception of the world becomes you reality

A

Humanistic

Phenomenological perspective

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4
Q

You should look at the whole situation not just one part of someone’s personality

A

Hollistic View

Humanistic theory

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5
Q

We are driven to be all we can be

A

Humanistic theory

Self actualization

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6
Q

Carl Jung

A
  • collective unconscious

- created analytical psychology but it didn’t have a large impact on current psychology

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7
Q

Characteristics of self actualized individuals

A
  • perceive reality accurately
  • they are independent and autonomous
  • prefer to have a deep loving relationship with only a few people
  • focus on accomplishing goals
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8
Q

Maslows hierarchy of needs

A
  • biological
  • safety
  • love and belonging
  • esteem and approval
  • self actualization
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9
Q

Growth needs

A

Needs at the higher level and nc lied the desire for truth,goodness, beauty, justice

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10
Q

Superego

A

Goal is to apply the moral values and standards to satisfy ones wishes

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11
Q

Carl Rodgers

A
  • self theory
  • self concept
  • self actualizing tendency
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12
Q

Real self

A

Based on our actual experiences and represents how we really see ourselves

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13
Q

Ideal self

A

Based on our hopes and wishes and reflects how we would like to see ourselves

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14
Q

Conditional positive regard

A

Positive regard we receive if we behave uncertain ways such as living up to or meeting standards of others

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15
Q

Deficiency needs

A

Physiological (food,sleep) and psychological (safety,love,esteem) needs we try to meet if they are not met

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16
Q

Criticism of humanistic theories

A
  1. Little scientific support

2. Doesn’t take into account genetic factors

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17
Q

Social cognitive theory

A

-personality is shaped by three forces:
•environmental conditions
•cognitive-personal factors
•behavior

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18
Q

Cognitive factors

A

Our beliefs, expectations, values, intentions, and social roles

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19
Q

Personal factors

A

Our emotional make up and our biological and genetic influences

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20
Q

To develop self efficacy

A

Use previous experiences, compare your capabilities, listen to what others say about your capabilities, and use feed back from your body

21
Q

Environmental factors

A

Social, political, and cultural influences as well as our particular learning experiences

22
Q

Trait theory

A

An approach for analyzing the structure if personality by measuring, identifying, and classifying similarities and differences in personality characteristics or traits

23
Q

Bandura’s social cognitive theory assumes that personality development, growth, and change is influenced by:

A
  1. Highly developed language
  2. Observational learning
  3. Purposeful behavior
  4. Self analysis
24
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

The three factors affect each other

25
Q

Delay of gratification—three traits it correlates with

A
  1. more intelligent
  2. Greater social responsibility
  3. Strive for higher achievement
26
Q

Self efficacy

A

Refers to the confidence in your ability to organize and execute a given course of action to solve a problem or accomplish a task

27
Q

Ego

A

Goal is to find socially acceptable ways of satisfying the id’s desires within the range of the super egos prohibitions
Follows the reality principle

28
Q

Raymond Cattell

A

Used factor analysis to harrow Allport’s list to 35 basic traits which Cartell called Source Traits

29
Q

Unconditional positive regard

A

Refers to the warmth,acceptance, and love that others show you because you are valued as a human being even though you may disappoint people

30
Q

Gordon Allport

A

Went through the dictionary and selected 4500 words which he considered to fit in the category of traits

31
Q

Factor analysis

A

A complicated statistical method that finds relationships among many different or diverse items and allows them to be grouped together

32
Q

Trait

A

Relatively stable and enduring characteristic to behave in a particular way

33
Q

Five factor model

A

Organizes personality traits and describes differences in personality using five categories

34
Q

Ocean

A 
Openness
Conscientiousness 
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
35
Q

Person situation interaction

A

A persons behavior results from an interaction between his or her traits and the effect of being in or responding to cues from a particular situation

36
Q

Longitudinal method

A

Same group of individuals is studied repeatedly at many points in time

37
Q

Personality traits are relatively fixed by

A

30

38
Q

Reality principle

A

To satisfy a wish or desire only if there is a socially acceptable outlet available

39
Q

Behavioral genetics

A

The study of how inherited or genetic factors influence and interact with psychological factors to shape our personality, intelligence, and emotions, etc

40
Q

Heritability

A

A statistical measure that estimates how much or some cognitive, personality or behavioral trust is influenced by genetic factors

41
Q

Personality percentages

A

40% genetic factors
27% non shared environmental factors
26% error
7% shared environmental factors

43
Q

Id

A
  • Contains two biological drives, sex and aggression,

- follows pleasure principle

44
Q

Pleasure principle

A

To satisfy biological drives

45
Q

Three methods to uncover the unconscious

A

Free association
Dream interpretation
Slips of the tongue

Freudian slips

46
Q

Psychodynamic theory if personality

A

Emphasizes the importance of early hold good experiences, the importance of repressed thoughts, and the conflicts between the unconscious and the conscious
Freud

47
Q

Conscious thoughts

A

Wishes, desires, or thoughts that we are aware of or can recall at any given time
Freud

48
Q

Unconscious forces

A

Represent wishes, desires, or thoughts that because of their disturbing nature we automatically repress and can not voluntarily access
Freud

49
Q

Unconscious motivation

A

Freud

Refers to the influence of repressed thoughts, desires, or impulses on our conscious thoughts and behaviors

50
Q

Validity

A

The test measures what it says it measures

51
Q

Reliability

A

You should get the same score each time

AP PSYCHOLOGY (23 decks)

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