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Pharmacology > Chapter 29-30 > Flashcards

Chapter 29-30 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of muscular system

A
  • produce movements and maintain posture
  • support soft tissue
  • maintain body temperature
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2
Q

Functions of skeletal system

A
  • support, protect, and provide leverage for body
  • store minerals (calcium) and lipids
  • produce blood cells
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3
Q

What hormones control calcium?

A

parathyroid hormone and calcitonin

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4
Q

Parathyroid hormone functions

A
  • increases calcium in blood
  • increases absorption/reabsorption from GI tract and kidneys
  • increases release of calcium from bones to blood
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5
Q

Calcitonin functions

A
  • decrease calcium in blood

- opposite function of parathyroid hormone

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6
Q

Osteoporosis

A

decrease in bone mass and density = impaired function

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7
Q

Brand names of Bisphosphonates

A

Fosamax, Actonel, Boniva

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8
Q

Generic name of Bisphosphonates

A

end in -dronate

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9
Q

Mechanism of Bisphosphonates

A

inhibit bone resorption

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10
Q

How are Bisphosphonates administered?

A

take 30 minutes prior to first meal, sit upright for 30 minutes

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11
Q

Adverse effects of Bisphosphonates

A

gastrointestinal disturbances, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia

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12
Q

How do hormonal therapies work for osteoporosis?

A

inhibit bone resorption

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13
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

autoimmune disease of joints and other organs

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14
Q

What does DMARDs stand for?

A

disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs

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15
Q

How do hydroxychloroquine work?

A

inhibits movement of white blood cells

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16
Q

Adverse effects of hydroxychloroquine

A

agranulocytosis/thrombocytopenia, weakness/myopathy, visual loss

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17
Q

Contraindications of hydroxycloroquine

A

visual changes while on therapy and hepatic dysfunction

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18
Q

Mechanism of sulfasalazine

A

unknown - anti-inflammatory

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19
Q

Adverse effects of sulfasalazine

A

headache, nausea, dyspepsia, rash, fatal rashes, oligospermia, agranulocytosis, infections

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20
Q

Contraindications of sulfasalazine

A

sulfa allergies, hepatic failure

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21
Q

Mechanism of methotrexate

A

unknown for RA

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22
Q

Adverse effects of methotrexate

A

bone marrow suppression, GI upset/stomatitis, renal and hepatic toxicity

23
Q

Contraindications of methotrexate

A

immunosuppressed patient, liver failure. renal failure, pregnancy

24
Q

Gout

A

acute inflammation of joints from uric acid crystals

25
Q

Mechanism of Colchicine

A

prevents migration of white blood cells

26
Q

Adverse effects of colchicine

A

nausea/vomiting/diarrhea, myopathy, pancytopenia

27
Q

Contraindications of colchicine

A

renal failure, pancytopenia

28
Q

Mechanism of allopurinol

A

xanthine oxidase inhibitor

29
Q

Adverse effects of allopurinol

A

nausea, diarrhea, rashes, acute liver damage

30
Q

Contraindications of allopurinol

A

caution in hepatic and renal toxicity

31
Q

Mechanism of uricosuric drugs

A

inhibit renal reabsorption of uric acid

32
Q

Adverse effects of uricosuric drugs

A

rashes and GI toxicity

33
Q

Contraindications of uricosuric drugs

A

blood dyscrasias, uric acid kidney stones, renal impairment

34
Q

Muscle spasms

A

involuntary contraction of muscle cells

35
Q

Common skeletal muscle relaxants

A

baclofen and cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)

36
Q

Mechanism of skeletal muscle relaxants

A

inhibits reflexes = loss of spasticity

37
Q

Adverse effects of skeletal muscle relaxants

A

drowsiness/slurred speech, weakness, confusion, hypotension

38
Q

Contraindications of skeletal muscle relaxants

A

CNS depression, seizure disorder/renal impairment (baclofen), cyclobenzaprine with serotonergic/anticholinergics

39
Q

Differences between open-angle and closed-angle

A

open angle - chronic, canal of schlemm congestion, gradual visual loss over time
closed-angle - acute, presents quickly with pain and sudden visual loss, iris is closed over canal of schlemm to prevent drainage

40
Q

Functions of Canal of Schlemm

A

drains aqueous humor from eye

41
Q

Prostaglandin agonists common ending

A

-oprost

42
Q

Adverse effects of prostaglandin agonists

A

blurred vision/vision changes, redness, lacrimation, eyelash growth, change in iris pigmentation

43
Q

Beta-blockers common ending

A

-olol

44
Q

Adverse effects of beta-blockers

A

burning/stinging, may have systemic absorption: hypotension and bradycardia

45
Q

Contraindications of beta-blockers

A

angle-closure glaucoma

46
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors common ending

A

-ide

47
Q

Adverse effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

burning, blurred vision, rashes

48
Q

Contraindications of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

closed-angle glaucoma

49
Q

Difference between miosis and mydriasis

A

miosis - constriction

mydriasis - dilation

50
Q

What are mydriatic medication used for?

A

to dilate your pupils

51
Q

Common cycloplegics

A

atropine and scopolamine

52
Q

How do cycloplegics work?

A

paralyze ciliary muscle to dilate eyes

53
Q

Adverse effects of cycloplegics

A

blurred vision, photophobia, dryness, redness, increased intraocular pressure

54
Q

Contraindications to cycloplegics

A

worsen closed-angle glucoma

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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