Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Chapter 21-22 > Flashcards

Chapter 21-22 Flashcards

1
Q

General pathway that blood travels around the body

A
  • heart receives unoxygenated blood from body
  • heart pumps unoxygenated blood to lungs
  • heart receives oxygenated blood from lungs
  • heart pumps oxygenated blood to body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Four chambers of the heart

A

two atria and two ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does the right atria receive and pump blood to?

A

receives blood from the body and pumps blood to the right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where does the right ventricle receive and pump blood to?

A

receives blood from the right atria and pumps blood to the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where does the left atria receive and pump blood to?

A

receives blood from the lungs and pumps blood to left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where does the left ventricle receive and pump blood to?

A

receives blood from the left atria and pumps blood to the rest of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What three components affect blood pressure?

A
  • cardiac output
  • peripheral resistance
  • blood volume
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does cardiac output affect anti-hypertensives?

A

lower cardiac output = low blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does peripheral resistance affect anti-hypertensives?

A

dilated vessels decrease pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does blood volume affect anti-hypertensives?

A

less blood decreases blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do diuretics work to lower blood pressure?

A

aim to reduce blood volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do beta blockers work to lower blood pressure?

A

reduce heart rate and dilate blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do ACEIs work to lower blood pressure?

A

inhibit ACE to dilate blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do ARBs work to lower blood pressure?

A

inhibit ACE to dilate blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do calcium channel blockers work to lower blood pressure?

A

decrease blood pressure or heart rate depending on the type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do alpha blockers work to lower blood pressure?

A

dilate vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do vasodilators work to lower blood pressure?

A

dilate vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ending of diuretics

A

-ide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ending of beta blockers

A

-olol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ending of ACEIs

A

-pril

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ending of ARBs

A

-sartan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ending of calcium channel blockers

A

-ipine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Major adverse effects of diurectics

A

increased urination, electrolyte imbalances, hypotension

24
Q

Major adverse effects of beta blockers

A

hypotension, bradycardia, depression

25
Q

Major adverse effects of ACEIs

A

hypotension, cough, hyperkalemia, renal impairment

26
Q

Major adverse effects of ARBs

A

hypotension, hyperkalemia, renal impairment

27
Q

Major adverse effects of calcium channel blockers

A

constipation, hypotension or bradycardia, edema of legs

28
Q

Difference between ACEIs and ARBs

A

ACEIs caused a cough while ARBs do not

29
Q

Difference between dihydrophyridine and non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers

A

dihydrophyridine decrease blood pressure while non-dihydrophyridine decrease heart rate

30
Q

Name of one dihydrophyridine medication

A

amlodipine

31
Q

Name of one non-dihydrophyridine medication

A

verapamil and diltiazem

32
Q

What is hyperlipidemia?

A

high cholesterol

33
Q

Why do we treat hyperlipidemia?

A

causes blockages in blood vessels which caused blood can’t deliver oxygen and tissue dies

34
Q

What class of medications treats hyperlipidemia?

A

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)

35
Q

Ending of medications used to treat hyperlipidemia

A

-statin

36
Q

Adverse effects of statins

A

muscle pain, rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown)

37
Q

Contraindications of statins

A

pregnancy, myopathy

38
Q

Kinds of medications we use for stable angina

A

nitrates, beta-blockers, verapamil

39
Q

Common nitrates

A

nitroglycerin, isosobide mononitrate

40
Q

Common side effects of nitrates

A

headache, ineffective if used continuously, cant be used with erectile dysfunction medications

41
Q

Medications used during a myocardial infarction (acute)

A

aspirin, nitrates, morphine, oxygen

42
Q

Medications used after discharge from the hospital following a myocardial infarction (chronic)

A

beta-blockers, ACEI, aspirin/anti-platelets, statins

43
Q

What is left ventricular hypertrophy a result of?

A

damage to the heart that causes scar tissue

44
Q

What do inotropes do?

A

increase muscular contractions of heart to increase cardiac output

45
Q

Three classes of inotropes

A

cardiac glycosides, beta-agonists, phosphodiesterase inhibitors

46
Q

The electrical pathway that travels through the heart

A

SA node - AV node - bundle of his - purkinje fibers

47
Q

What is an arrhythmia?

A

irregular heart rhythm

48
Q

Most common arrhythmia

A

atrial fibrillation

49
Q

Differences between antiarrhythmic classes

A

Class 1: Sodium channel blockers
Class 2: Beta -blockers
Class 3: Potassium channel blockers
Class 4: Calcium channel blockers: non-dihydropyride

50
Q

Most commonly used antiarrhythmic agents

A

amiodarone, sotalol, dofetilide

51
Q

Amiodarone

A

IV continuous infusion
PO tablet once or twice daily
typically first line therapy for older adults

52
Q

Sotalol

A

Class II and III
must initiate in hospital
renally eliminated

53
Q

Dofetilide

A

must stay 3 days in hospital, EKG after each dose
must ensure adequate potassium and magnesium levels
renally eliminated

54
Q

Adverse effects of antiarrhythmics

A 
interstitial lung disease
hypo-hypertension 
visual changes
liver dysfunction 
blue-grey skin discoloration
55
Q

Deadly arrhythmia

A

Torsades de Pointes

Pharmacology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions