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Pharmacology > Chapter 13 -14 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 -14 Flashcards

1
Q

The most common fungal infection

A

Candida albicans

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2
Q

The composition of a fungi cell wall

A

contains ergosterol in cell walls

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3
Q

How does the composition of the cell wall relate to antifungal medications?

A

inhibit the growth or break down ergosterol

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4
Q

Fluconazole mechanism

A

blocks the synthesis of ergosterol

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5
Q

Fluconazole cidal or static

A

cidal

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6
Q

Fluconazole adverse effects

A

diarrhea, itching, hepatitis

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7
Q

Fluconazole contraindications

A

pregnancy, liver dysfunction

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8
Q

Amphotericin B mechanism

A

inhibits ergosterol synthesis

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9
Q

Amphotericin B cidal or static

A

cidal

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10
Q

Amphotericin B adverse effects

A

infuction reactions, anemia, renal failure

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11
Q

Amphotericin B contraindications

A

use caution with renal dysfunction and monitor use with other renal toxic medications

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12
Q

Nystatin mechanism

A

inhibits ergosterol synthesis

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13
Q

Nystatin adverse effects

A

well-tolerated

mild diarrhea, rash

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14
Q

Nystatin contraindications

A

hypersensitivity

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15
Q

Clotrimazole mechanism

A

inhibits ergosterol synthesis

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16
Q

Clotrimazole adverse effects

A

itiching, nausea, vomiting

abnormal liver function tests

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17
Q

Oral candidiasis is also known as…

A

oral thrush

18
Q

What is the infectious agent that causes malaria?

A

caused by protozoan Plasmodium

19
Q

How is it transferred from person to person?

A

via mosquitos

20
Q

Adverse effects of chloroquine

A 
irreversible retinal damage
deafness
deadly rashes
liver damage
aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia
21
Q

Adverse effects of metronidazole

A

GI effects
metallic taste
urine color changes

22
Q

Contraindications of metronidazole

A

must avoid alcohol (causes you to puke)

23
Q

What does our immune system do?

A

clears foreign substances from blood
fights infections diseases
maintains tissue fluid balance

24
Q

What organs does the lymphatic system include?

A

lymph vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, tonsils

25
Q

Medical term for white blood cells

A

lymphocytes

26
Q

What is the difference between an antigen and an antibody?

A

antigen - any substance that causes an immune system to produce antibodies against it
antibody - a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses

27
Q

Function of T cells

A

directly attack foreign cells
help other immune cells recognize foreign material
termed cell-mediated immunity

28
Q

Function of B cells

A

develop into plasma cells and create antibodies to the antigens on pathogenic bacteria
termed humoral immunity
antibodies bind to antigens and inhibit bacterial antigens from creating the pathogenic effect

29
Q

Function of Macrophages

A

engulf foreign bacteria and digest for elimination

called phagocytosis

30
Q

Define acquired immunity

A

not inherited and results from the development of antibodies in response to an antigen, as from exposure to an infectious disease or through vaccination.

31
Q

Define innate immunity

A

inborn system that compromises of the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms

32
Q

Active immunity

A

when a person is actually exposed to an antigen and B cells produce antibodies that the body is able to use to remember the antigen

33
Q

Passive immunity

A

when a person is given antibodies either via their mothers breast milk or via antisera
body will not have memory for future exposures

34
Q

What are vaccines?

A

trigger immune response/antibody formation upon exposure to pathogens

35
Q

Inactivated vaccines

A

pieces of killed virus containing antigens

36
Q

Live attenuated

A

manipulated to remove toxin

37
Q

Toxoids

A

contain protein toxins released by bacteria

38
Q

Vaccine myths

A 
do not cause autism
are not poisonous
do not give you the flu
do not give you the disease
are not a government conspiracy
39
Q

Reference for Vaccines

A

Pinkbook

40
Q

Adult/Elderly Immunizations

A

Pneummococcal vaccine every 5 years
Tetanus and diphtheria booster every 10 years
Hepatitis B vaccine for healthcare employees
Herpes Zoster vaccine 50+ years

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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