Chapter 13 -14

Question 1

The most common fungal infection

Answer 1

Candida albicans

Question 2

The composition of a fungi cell wall

Answer 2

contains ergosterol in cell walls

Question 3

How does the composition of the cell wall relate to antifungal medications?

Answer 3

inhibit the growth or break down ergosterol

Question 4

Fluconazole mechanism

Answer 4

blocks the synthesis of ergosterol

Question 5

Fluconazole cidal or static

Answer 5

cidal

Question 6

Fluconazole adverse effects

Answer 6

diarrhea, itching, hepatitis

Question 7

Fluconazole contraindications

Answer 7

pregnancy, liver dysfunction

Question 8

Amphotericin B mechanism

Answer 8

inhibits ergosterol synthesis

Question 9

Amphotericin B cidal or static

Answer 9

cidal

Question 10

Amphotericin B adverse effects

Answer 10

infuction reactions, anemia, renal failure

Question 11

Amphotericin B contraindications

Answer 11

use caution with renal dysfunction and monitor use with other renal toxic medications

Question 12

Nystatin mechanism

Answer 12

inhibits ergosterol synthesis

Question 13

Nystatin adverse effects

Answer 13

well-tolerated

mild diarrhea, rash

Question 14

Nystatin contraindications

Answer 14

hypersensitivity

Question 15

Clotrimazole mechanism

Answer 15

inhibits ergosterol synthesis

Question 16

Clotrimazole adverse effects

Answer 16

itiching, nausea, vomiting

abnormal liver function tests

Question 17

Oral candidiasis is also known as…

Answer 17

oral thrush

Question 18

What is the infectious agent that causes malaria?

Answer 18

caused by protozoan Plasmodium

Question 19

How is it transferred from person to person?

Answer 19

via mosquitos

Question 20

Adverse effects of chloroquine

Answer 20

irreversible retinal damage
deafness
deadly rashes
liver damage
aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia

Question 21

Adverse effects of metronidazole

Answer 21

GI effects
metallic taste
urine color changes

Question 22

Contraindications of metronidazole

Answer 22

must avoid alcohol (causes you to puke)

Question 23

What does our immune system do?

Answer 23

clears foreign substances from blood
fights infections diseases
maintains tissue fluid balance

Question 24

What organs does the lymphatic system include?

Answer 24

lymph vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, tonsils

Question 25

Medical term for white blood cells

Answer 25

lymphocytes

Question 26

What is the difference between an antigen and an antibody?

Answer 26

antigen - any substance that causes an immune system to produce antibodies against it antibody - a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses

Question 27

Function of T cells

Answer 27

directly attack foreign cells help other immune cells recognize foreign material termed cell-mediated immunity

Question 28

Function of B cells

Answer 28

develop into plasma cells and create antibodies to the antigens on pathogenic bacteria termed humoral immunity antibodies bind to antigens and inhibit bacterial antigens from creating the pathogenic effect

Question 29

Function of Macrophages

Answer 29

engulf foreign bacteria and digest for elimination | called phagocytosis

Question 30

Define acquired immunity

Answer 30

not inherited and results from the development of antibodies in response to an antigen, as from exposure to an infectious disease or through vaccination.

Question 31

Define innate immunity

Answer 31

inborn system that compromises of the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms

Question 32

Active immunity

Answer 32

when a person is actually exposed to an antigen and B cells produce antibodies that the body is able to use to remember the antigen

Question 33

Passive immunity

Answer 33

when a person is given antibodies either via their mothers breast milk or via antisera body will not have memory for future exposures

Question 34

What are vaccines?

Answer 34

trigger immune response/antibody formation upon exposure to pathogens

Question 35

Inactivated vaccines

Answer 35

pieces of killed virus containing antigens

Question 36

Live attenuated

Answer 36

manipulated to remove toxin

Question 37

Toxoids

Answer 37

contain protein toxins released by bacteria

Question 38

Vaccine myths

Answer 38

``` do not cause autism are not poisonous do not give you the flu do not give you the disease are not a government conspiracy ```

Question 39

Reference for Vaccines

Answer 39

Pinkbook

Question 40

Adult/Elderly Immunizations

Answer 40

Pneummococcal vaccine every 5 years Tetanus and diphtheria booster every 10 years Hepatitis B vaccine for healthcare employees Herpes Zoster vaccine 50+ years