Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an infection?

A

caused by microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Symptoms of infection

A

fever, elevated white blood cell count, high pulse, high respiratory rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

5 things needed to transmit an infection

A

reservoir, susceptible victim, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Difference between gram-positive and gram-negative

A

gram-positive has a thick layer of peptidoglycan while gram-negative has a thin layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Example of gram-positive

A

streptococcus and staphylococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Example of gram-negative

A

E.coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the difference between bactericidal and bacteriostatic?

A

bactericidal - bacteria killing

bacteriostatic - bacteria growth inhibiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Considerations for antibiotic selection

A

disease location, severity, microorganism, patient allergies, renal or hepatic function, pharmokinectics, pharmacodynamics, local resistance patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Penicillin Examples

A

amoxicillin and piperacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Penicillin mechanism of action

A

interfere with the synthesis of peptidoglycan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Penicillin cidal or static

A

both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Penicillin major adverse effects

A

hypersensitivity, rash, diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Penicillin contraindications

A

allergy and dosage adjustments in renal disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cephalosporins examples

A

cefazolin, cefoxitin, cefdinir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cephalosporins mechanism of action

A

inhibits peptidoglycan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cephalosporins cidal or static

A

cidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sulfonamides examples

A

TMP/SMZ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sulfonamides mechanism of action

A

inhibit bacterial folic acid synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sulfonamides cidal or static

A

static

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sulfonamides major adverse effects

A

diarrhea, sun sensitivity, kidney stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sulfonamides contraindications

A

hypersensitivity, pregnancy, interacts with warfarin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Aminoglycosides examples

A

gentamicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Aminoglycosides mechanism of action

A

disrupts bacterial protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Aminoglycosides cidal or static

A

cidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Aminoglycosides major adverse effects
ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, requires careful blood level monitoring
26
Aminoglycosides contraindications
pregnancy
27
Macrolides examples
azithromycin or clarithromycin
28
Macrolides mechanism of action
inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
29
Macrolides cidal or static
static at lower doses and cidal at higher doses
30
Macrolides major adverse effects
GI - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
31
Macrolides contraindications
hypersensitivity
32
Fluoroquinolones examples
ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin
33
Fluoroquinolones mechanism of action
interferes with bacterial DNA synthesis
34
Fluoroquinolones cidal or static
cidal
35
Fluoroquinolones major adverse effects
GI - N/V/D, skin rash, photosensitivity, nephrotoxicity
36
Fluoroquinolones contraindications
children <18 years old, pregnancy
37
Tetracyclines examples
doxycycline or minocycline
38
Tetracyclines mechanism of action
prevents bacterial protein synthesis
39
Tetracyclines cidal or static
static
40
Tetracyclines major adverse effects
GI - N/V/D, photosensitivity, discoloration of teeth in children
41
Tetracyclines contraindications
hypersensitivity, liver disease, children < 8 years old
42
Clindamycin mechanism of action
inhibits protein synthesis
43
Clindamycin cidal or static
static
44
Clindamycin major adverse effects
GI - N/V/D, colitis
45
Clindamycin contraindications
hypersensitivity, impaired liver function, newborns
46
Linezolid mechanism of action
inhibits protein synthesis
47
Linezolid cidal or static
static
48
Linezolid major adverse effects
GI - N/V/D, leukopenia
49
Linezolid contracindication
hypersensitivity, adrenergic drugs, tyramine-containing foods
50
Vancomycin mechanism of action
suppresses cell wall synthesis
51
Vancomycin cidal or static
cidal
52
Vancomycin major adverse effects
ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, red man's syndrome | blood level monitoring is required
53
Difference between four classes of penicillins
natural penicillins - not used PRP - mostly gram - positive amino - mostly gram - positive and some negative ESP - high gram - positive and high gram - negative
54
1st generation cephalosporins
high gram positive, low gram-negative
55
2nd generation cephalosporins
high gram positive, low gram negative
56
3rd generation cephalosporins
low gram-positive. high gram-negative
57
4th generation cephalosporins
low gram-positive, high gram negative
58
5th generation cephalosporins
high gram-positive, low gram-negative
59
Red Man's Syndrome
is a reaction to the drug vancomycin. Patients typically develop symptoms within 5 or 10 minutes of receiving the drug, and they experience itching and flushing of the face, neck, & torso.
60
What are the drugs used to treat tuberculosis
isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol
61
Isoniazid major side effects
insomnia, convulsion, psychoses, fatal hepatitis
62
Rifampin major side effects
fatigue, drowsiness, headache, dizziness, N/V, skin rashes, renal insufficiency
63
Pyrazinamide side effects
hepatotoxicity, myalgia, rash
64
Ethambutol side effects
optic neuritis, N/V, fever, hallucinations, regular eye exams to monitor optic neuritis
65
Commonly used antivirals
end in -vir

Pharmacology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions