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Pharmacology > Chapter 1-4 > Flashcards

Chapter 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

define pharmacology

A

the study of drugs

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2
Q

difference between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

A

pharmacokinetics - effect of the body on the drug

pharmacodynamics - effect of the drug on the body

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3
Q

factors that influence pharmacokinetics

A

absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

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4
Q

factors that influence pharmacodynamics

A

half-life, age, gender, body weight, diseases

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5
Q

define agonist

A

create a stimulatory response

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6
Q

define antagonist

A

block the endogenous response

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7
Q

agonist relationship to the receptors in your body

A

stimulates the same response that happens in the body

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8
Q

antagonists relationship to the receptors in your body

A

does the opposite response than the body usually does

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9
Q

define half-life

A

the time taken for blood concentration to decrease 50%

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10
Q

factors that influence absorption

A

bioavailability, acidity of stomach, chemical properties of the drug, presence of food in GI tract, route of administration, first-pass metabolism

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11
Q

factors that influence distribution

A

protein binding, blood flow, chemical properties

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12
Q

factors that influence metabolism

A

occurs in liver via enzymes

  • hepatic portal circulation
  • CP-450 system
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13
Q

factor the influence excretion

A

primarily through the kidneys, lungs, breast milk, sweat, tears, urine, feces, bile, saliva

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14
Q

describe “first-pass effect”

A

immediate exposure of orally administrated drugs to metabolism by liver enzymes before they reach the systemic circulation

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15
Q

difference between toxicity and overdose

A

toxicity - drug’s ability to poison the body

overdose - toxic dose that causes patient harm

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16
Q

difference between allergy and adverse reaction

A

allergy - immune reaction to medication

adverse reaction - unintended, at normal dose

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17
Q

difference between tolerance, dependence, and addiction

A

tolerance - resistance to drug effects
dependence - body’s adaptation to drug, needs drug to function normally
addiction - continued use despite harm

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18
Q

sulfanilamide disaster of 1937

A

sulfanilamide sold in liquid form for sore throats which caused 107 deaths to occur

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19
Q

law placed due to sulfanilamide disaster

A

1938 Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

-prevents marketing before safety testing

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20
Q

thalidomide disaster of 1962

A

wasn’t approved in the US, sleeping pill and helped with nausea during pregnancy but caused babies to be born without limbs

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21
Q

law placed due to thalidomide disaster

A

1962 Kefauver-Harris Amendment

-prove safely and efficacy before approval

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22
Q

legend drugs

A

prescription drugs that require a prescription from a medical provider to get from a pharmacy

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23
Q

nonlegend drugs

A

over the counter the drugs that do not require a prescription to get

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24
Q

Schedule I

A

high abuse potential, non medial use, not safe, illegal

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25
Q

Schedule II

A

high abuse potential, accepted medical use, prescription required, no refills

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26
Q

Schedule III

A

low-moderate abuse potential, accepted medical use, prescription required, 5 refills

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27
Q

Schedule IV

A

low abuse potential, accepted medical use, prescription required, 5 refills

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28
Q

Schedule V

A

low abuse potential, accepted medical use, prescription required, 5 refills

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29
Q

orphan drugs

A

drugs developed under the Orphan Drug Act, which provides financial incentives to nonprofit and commercial organizations for the development and marketing of drugs used to treat rare diseases

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30
Q

what did the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1966 do? what is the acronym?

A

protected health information, HIPAA

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31
Q

what practical implications did the Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005 institute?

A

limited sales of Sudafed which is a precursor of methamphetamine

32
Q

BID

A

twice a day

33
Q

NPO

A

nothing by mouth

34
Q

PO

A

by mouth

35
Q

PR

A

through the rectum

36
Q

PRN

A

as needed

37
Q

q

A

every

38
Q

q2h

A

every 2 hours

39
Q

QID

A

four times a day

40
Q

IM

A

intramuscular

41
Q

IV

A

intravenous

42
Q

QHS

A

every night at bedtime

43
Q

TID

A

three times a day

44
Q

chemical name

A

chemical makeup of the drug

45
Q

trade name

A

brand name, specific to manufacturer, protected by trademark

46
Q

generic name

A

approved name or nonproprietary name, not protected by trademark, one generic name per drug

47
Q

five sources of drugs

A

plants, animals (humans), minerals or mineral products, synthetics, engineered

48
Q

describe the drug development process

A

preclinical investigation, clinical investigation, investigational new drug review, post-marketing studies

49
Q

black box warning

A

big black box that has some kind of health warning in it

50
Q

tablet

A

a solid dosage form that is made by compressing the powdered form of a drug and bulk fillings material under high pressure

51
Q

capsule

A

a solid dosage from featuring a drug contained inside an external shell

52
Q

sustained release

A

tablets and capsules that are specially coted and contain several doses so they dissolve at specific times

53
Q

enteric coated

A

overcoat that protects the drug until water enters the pill and pushes the drug out

54
Q

solutions

A

chemicals are dissolved in substance

55
Q

suspensions

A

medication not distributed evenly through substance unless it is shaken up

56
Q

composition of syrup

A

an aqueous solution containing a high concentration of sugars

57
Q

composition of elixirs

A

alcoholic solutions that offer consistent dissolution and distribution of the drugs they contain

58
Q

composition of tinctures

A

an alcoholic extract of plant or animal material or solution of such or of a low volatility substance

59
Q

composition of fluidextracts

A

a concentrated solution in alcohol of a drug derived from a plant

60
Q

required components of a prescription

A

date of issuance, patient’s name, name of drug, strength of drug, dosage form, directions for use, quantity/refills, prescriber’s name, signature

61
Q

7 rights of drug administration

A

patient, drug, dose, route, time, technique, documentation

62
Q

application of topical medication

A

on the skin

63
Q

application of ophthalmic medication

A

in the eye

64
Q

application of otic medication

A

in the ear

65
Q

application of vaginal medication

A

in the vagina

66
Q

application of rectal medication

A

in the butt

67
Q

application of transdermal medication

A

through the skin

68
Q

parts of syringe

A

barrel and plunger

69
Q

parts of a needle

A

bevel, cannula, hub, guage

70
Q

intravenous

A

injection into vein (25 degrees)

71
Q

intramuscular

A

injection into muscle (90 degrees)

72
Q

subcutaneous

A

injection into tissue under skin (45 degrees)

73
Q

intradermal

A

injection into dermis of skin (15 degrees)

74
Q

enteral administration

A

drug administration by the digestion process of a gastrointestinal tract

75
Q

various forms of enteral administration

A

oral, nasogastric, PEG, sublingual, buccal

76
Q

wasting medication

A

having a witness watch you waste the left over drugs in a syringe

77
Q

routes that avoid first-pass metabolism

A

intravenous, topical, buccal, sublingual

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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