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Pharmacology > Chapter 15-16 > Flashcards

Chapter 15-16 Flashcards

1
Q

Common pain transmitters

A
  • prostaglandins
  • histamines
  • bradykinins
  • substance P
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2
Q

Analgesic

A

Pain relievers

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3
Q

Antipyretics

A

Fever reducers

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4
Q

Anti-inflammatory

A

Reduce inflammation

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5
Q

NSAIDS analgesic, antipyretic, or anti-inflammatory

A

All three

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6
Q

Acetaminophen analgesic, antipyretic, or anti-inflammatory

A

Analgesic and antipyretic

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7
Q

Opiates analgesic, antipyretic, or anti-inflammatory

A

Analgesic

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8
Q

Mechanism of NSAIDS

A

Block prostaglandin synthesis

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9
Q

Mechanism of aspirin

A

Inhibits COX 1 and 2 leading to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

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10
Q

Mechanism of opioids

A

Inhibit the release of substance P

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11
Q

Difference between NASAIDs and celecoxib and what affect the side effect profiles of medication

A

Celecoxib only inhibits COX 2 which leads to less GI bleeding

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12
Q

Trade name for acetaminophen

A

Tylenol

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13
Q

Trade name of ibuprofen

A

Motrin or Advil

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14
Q

Trade name for celecoxib

A

Celebrex

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15
Q

Trade name for naproxen

A

Adleve

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16
Q

Three common opioids

A

Codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone

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17
Q

Contraindications to opioid use

A
  • known hypersensitivity
  • CNS depression
  • respiratory depression (<12/minute)
  • avoid alcohol/CNS depressants
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18
Q

Common side effects of aspirin

A

GI bleed, bleeding, children under 12 could get Reyes Syndrome

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19
Q

Common side effects of NSAIDs

A

GI bleed, renal failure, fluid retention

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20
Q

Common side effects of acetaminophen

A

Adverse reactions are rare
Heptatoxicity with chronic use of high doses
Death with overdose

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21
Q

Side effects of opioids

A

Nausea/vomiting, sedation, constricted pupils, constipation, respiratory depression, physical and psychological dependence

22
Q

Opioids Antagonists

A

Naloxone and naltrexone

23
Q

Opioid antagonists common uses

A
  • Acute opioid overdose

- maintenance of detoxification

24
Q

Opioid antagonists contraindications

A

Avoid in patients with suspected narcotic dependence

25
Q

Epidemiology of cancer

A

2nd most common cause of death

26
Q

Number one cause of cancer death

A

Lung cancer

27
Q

Top three most common cancers in males

A

Prostate
Lung
Colorectal

28
Q

Top three most common cancers in females

A

Breast
Lung
Colorectal

29
Q

Benign

A

Slow growing, not harmful

30
Q

Malignant

A

Fast growing, deadly

31
Q

Metastasis

A

Spread to rest of body

32
Q

Angiogenesis

A

Formation of tumor blood supply

33
Q

Two major classes of genes involved in carcinogens

A

Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes

34
Q

Oncogenes

A

Regulate cell cycle

35
Q

Tumor suppressor genes

A

Regulate cell growth

36
Q

G0 phase

A

Cell is mitotically dormant, it can renter the cell cycle

37
Q

G1 phase

A

Rapid growth and metabolic activity, centrioles begin replicating

38
Q

S phase

A

Growth and DNA replication

39
Q

G2 phase

A

Growth and final preparations to divide

40
Q

Mitotic phase

A

Dividing of the cell

41
Q

Five types of treatments used for cancer

A

Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, hormonal therapy

42
Q

Mechanism of alkylating agents

A

Replace hydrogen in DNA with an alkyl

43
Q

Mechanism of antimetabolites

A

Replace the nucleotides to alter DNA structure

44
Q

Mechanism of mitotic inhibitors

A

Inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis

45
Q

Mechanism of antiterrorist antibiotics

A

Inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis

46
Q

General adverse effects of chemotherapy

A

Hair loss, bone marrow suppression like, mucositis/stomatitis, nausea/vomiting

47
Q

Alkylating agents adverse effects

A

Pulmonary fibrosis, renal failure, altered mental status

48
Q

Mitotic inhibitors adverse effects

A

Tongue hyperpigmentation

49
Q

Steroids adverse effects

A

GI upset, weight gain, hyperglycemia, mood changes

50
Q

Estrogens adverse effects

A

Menstrual irregularities, menopause-like symptoms

51
Q

Progestins adverse effects

A

Weight gain, pulmonary embolism

52
Q

Antitumor antibiotics adverse effects

A

Heart failure

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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