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Pharmacology > Chapter 15-16 > Flashcards

Chapter 15-16 Flashcards

1
Q

Common pain transmitters

A
  • prostaglandins
  • histamines
  • bradykinins
  • substance P
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2
Q

Analgesic

A

Pain relievers

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3
Q

Antipyretics

A

Fever reducers

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4
Q

Anti-inflammatory

A

Reduce inflammation

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5
Q

NSAIDS analgesic, antipyretic, or anti-inflammatory

A

All three

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6
Q

Acetaminophen analgesic, antipyretic, or anti-inflammatory

A

Analgesic and antipyretic

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7
Q

Opiates analgesic, antipyretic, or anti-inflammatory

A

Analgesic

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8
Q

Mechanism of NSAIDS

A

Block prostaglandin synthesis

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9
Q

Mechanism of aspirin

A

Inhibits COX 1 and 2 leading to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

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10
Q

Mechanism of opioids

A

Inhibit the release of substance P

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11
Q

Difference between NASAIDs and celecoxib and what affect the side effect profiles of medication

A

Celecoxib only inhibits COX 2 which leads to less GI bleeding

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12
Q

Trade name for acetaminophen

A

Tylenol

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13
Q

Trade name of ibuprofen

A

Motrin or Advil

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14
Q

Trade name for celecoxib

A

Celebrex

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15
Q

Trade name for naproxen

A

Adleve

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16
Q

Three common opioids

A

Codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone

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17
Q

Contraindications to opioid use

A
  • known hypersensitivity
  • CNS depression
  • respiratory depression (<12/minute)
  • avoid alcohol/CNS depressants
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18
Q

Common side effects of aspirin

A

GI bleed, bleeding, children under 12 could get Reyes Syndrome

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19
Q

Common side effects of NSAIDs

A

GI bleed, renal failure, fluid retention

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20
Q

Common side effects of acetaminophen

A

Adverse reactions are rare
Heptatoxicity with chronic use of high doses
Death with overdose

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21
Q

Side effects of opioids

A

Nausea/vomiting, sedation, constricted pupils, constipation, respiratory depression, physical and psychological dependence

22
Q

Opioids Antagonists

A

Naloxone and naltrexone

23
Q

Opioid antagonists common uses

A
  • Acute opioid overdose

- maintenance of detoxification

24
Q

Opioid antagonists contraindications

A

Avoid in patients with suspected narcotic dependence

25
Epidemiology of cancer
2nd most common cause of death
26
Number one cause of cancer death
Lung cancer
27
Top three most common cancers in males
Prostate Lung Colorectal
28
Top three most common cancers in females
Breast Lung Colorectal
29
Benign
Slow growing, not harmful
30
Malignant
Fast growing, deadly
31
Metastasis
Spread to rest of body
32
Angiogenesis
Formation of tumor blood supply
33
Two major classes of genes involved in carcinogens
Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes
34
Oncogenes
Regulate cell cycle
35
Tumor suppressor genes
Regulate cell growth
36
G0 phase
Cell is mitotically dormant, it can renter the cell cycle
37
G1 phase
Rapid growth and metabolic activity, centrioles begin replicating
38
S phase
Growth and DNA replication
39
G2 phase
Growth and final preparations to divide
40
Mitotic phase
Dividing of the cell
41
Five types of treatments used for cancer
Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, hormonal therapy
42
Mechanism of alkylating agents
Replace hydrogen in DNA with an alkyl
43
Mechanism of antimetabolites
Replace the nucleotides to alter DNA structure
44
Mechanism of mitotic inhibitors
Inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis
45
Mechanism of antiterrorist antibiotics
Inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis
46
General adverse effects of chemotherapy
Hair loss, bone marrow suppression like, mucositis/stomatitis, nausea/vomiting
47
Alkylating agents adverse effects
Pulmonary fibrosis, renal failure, altered mental status
48
Mitotic inhibitors adverse effects
Tongue hyperpigmentation
49
Steroids adverse effects
GI upset, weight gain, hyperglycemia, mood changes
50
Estrogens adverse effects
Menstrual irregularities, menopause-like symptoms
51
Progestins adverse effects
Weight gain, pulmonary embolism
52
Antitumor antibiotics adverse effects
Heart failure

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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