Chapter 25-26

Question 1

What hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary?

Answer 1

growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone

Question 2

What hormones are secreted from the posterior pituitary?

Answer 2

vasopressin and oxytocin

Question 3

What hormones does the thyroid secrete?

Answer 3

thyroxine (T4) and trilodothyronine (T3)

Question 4

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 4

high thyroid hormones

Question 5

Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism

Answer 5

nervousness, thin skin/hair, weight loss, heat intolerance

Question 6

Hypothyroidism

Answer 6

low thyroid hormones

Question 7

Symptoms of Hypothyroidism

Answer 7

fatigue, poor memory, weight gain, cold intolerance

Question 8

Medication used to treat hyperthyroidism

Answer 8

methimazole, propylthiouracil

Question 9

Medication used to treat hypothyroidism

Answer 9

lecothyroxine

Question 10

How does hyperthyroidism medication work?

Answer 10

inhibit synthesis of thyroid hormones

Question 11

How does hypothyroidism medication work?

Answer 11

provides thyroid hormones (T3/T4)

Question 12

Adverse effects of hyperthyroidism medication

Answer 12

fever, rash, low blood cell counts, hypothyroidism

Question 13

Adverse effects of hypothyroidism medication

Answer 13

hyperthyroidism, osteoporosis, coronary artery disease

Question 14

Hormones secreted by the pancreas

Answer 14

glucagon and insulin

Question 15

How do hormones secreted by the pancreas affect the body?

Answer 15

increase or decrease glucose levels in the blood

Question 16

Differences between type 1 and 2 diabetes

Answer 16

type 1 - autoimmune disorder destroys beta cells

type 2- insulin resistance

Question 17

Complications of diabetes

Answer 17

nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, impaired healing

Question 18

How does metformin work?

Answer 18

promote glucose uptake by cells, decrease glucose production by liver, slow glucose absorption

Question 19

Adverse effects of metformin

Answer 19

weight loss, GI upset, diarrhea, lactic acidosis in renal failure

Question 20

Contraindications of metformin

Answer 20

type 1 diabetes, renal failure

Question 21

Sulfonylureas common medications

Answer 21

glipizide, glyburide, glimepride

Question 22

Adverse effects of sulfonylureas

Answer 22

hypoglycemia, weight gain, dizziness, loss of efficacy with further beta cell destruction

Question 23

Contraindications of sulfonylureas

Answer 23

type 1 diabetes and renal elimination

Question 24

Thiazolidindiones common medications

Answer 24

pioglitazone

Question 25

Adverse effects of thiazolidindiones

Answer 25

hypoglycemia, edema, heart failure, factures, weight gain

Question 26

Contraindications of thiazolidiones

Answer 26

heart failure

Question 27

Dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors (DPP)

Answer 27

sitagliptin

Question 28

Mechanism of DPP

Answer 28

inhibit DPP to increase insulin release and decrease glucagon secretion

Question 29

Mechanism of sulfonylureas

Answer 29

increase insulin secretion from beta cells

Question 30

Mechanism of thiazolidinediones

Answer 30

improve insulin sensitivity

Question 31

Adverse effects of DPP

Answer 31

peripheral edema, hypoglycemia, diarrhea or constipation, weight gain

Question 32

Contraindications of DPP

Answer 32

type 1 diabetes, reduce dose with renal dysfunction

Question 33

Common rapid-acting insulins

Answer 33

lispro and aspart

Question 34

Lispro brand name

Answer 34

Humalog

Question 35

Aspart brand name

Answer 35

Novolog

Question 36

Common long-acting insulins

Answer 36

glargine

Question 37

Glargine brand name

Answer 37

lantus

Question 38

Adverse effects of insulin

Answer 38

hypoglycemia

Question 39

Contraindications of insulin

Answer 39

hypoglycemia

Question 40

How do you monitor diabetes therapy?

Answer 40

blood glucose testing

Question 41

What hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands?

Answer 41

stimulated by ACTH and produce corticosteroids

Question 42

What do corticosteroids do?

Answer 42

anti-inflammatory, increase glucose, increase blood pressure

Question 43

Adverse effects of corticosteroids

Answer 43

insomnia, hypertension, behavioral changes, stomach ulcers, increased appetite, diabetes, osteoporosis, infections, edmia

Question 44

Contraindications of corticosteroids

Answer 44

ulcers, severe infections, psychoses, diabetes

Question 45

Common corticosteroids name ending

Answer 45

end in -one

Question 46

What part of the male reproductive system produces sperm?

Answer 46

testes

Question 47

Types of hormones the male reproductive system secretes

Answer 47

testosterone

Question 48

Hypogonadism

Answer 48

decreased sperm or testosterone production from testes

Question 49

Symptoms of Hypogonadism

Answer 49

decreased vigor/libido, depressed mood, decreased muscle mass/body hair, decrease size of testes, infertility

Question 50

Medication used to treat hypogonadism

Answer 50

testosterone replacement

Question 51

Common side effects of androgens

Answer 51

pain at injection site/itching after topical application, gynecomasta, acne, prostate growth/prostate cancer, hepatotoxicity

Question 52

Contraindications to androgens

Answer 52

prostate cancer, liver disease, pregnancy

Question 53

What part of the female reproductive system produces eggs?

Answer 53

ovaries

Question 54

What types of hormones the female reproductive system secretes?

Answer 54

estrogens and progesterone

Question 55

Common estrogens

Answer 55

estradiol, conjugates estrogens (Premarin) | -estra in name

Question 56

Adverse effects of estrogens

Answer 56

changes in libido, edema, breast enlargement, cardiovascular disease, stroke, clots, dementia

Question 57

Contraindications of estrogens

Answer 57

breast cancer, clots, pregnancy, breastfeeding

Question 58

Common progestins

Answer 58

medroxyprogesterone, norethindone, progesterone

Question 59

Adverse effects of progestins

Answer 59

weight gain, clotting, breakthrough bleeding, cycle irregularity

Question 60

Contraindications of progestins

Answer 60

pregnancy, breastfeeding, active clots

Question 61

Mechanism of contraception

Answer 61

- inhibit release of gonadotropin releasing hormone - pituitary doesn't release FSH/LH - ovulation doesn't occur - uterus wall thins - uterine mucus becomes too thick for sperm

Question 62

Adverse effects of contraception

Answer 62

nausea, abdominal pain, weight gain, cycle irregularities, clotting

Question 63

Contraindications of contraception

Answer 63

pregnancy, clotting

Question 64

Effects of oxytocin

Answer 64

similar to oxytocin released by posterior pituitary increases uterine smooth muscle contraction promote milk ejection from mammary glands