Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Chapter 25-26 > Flashcards

Chapter 25-26 Flashcards

1
Q

What hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary?

A

growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What hormones are secreted from the posterior pituitary?

A

vasopressin and oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What hormones does the thyroid secrete?

A

thyroxine (T4) and trilodothyronine (T3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

high thyroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism

A

nervousness, thin skin/hair, weight loss, heat intolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

low thyroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Symptoms of Hypothyroidism

A

fatigue, poor memory, weight gain, cold intolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Medication used to treat hyperthyroidism

A

methimazole, propylthiouracil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Medication used to treat hypothyroidism

A

lecothyroxine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does hyperthyroidism medication work?

A

inhibit synthesis of thyroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does hypothyroidism medication work?

A

provides thyroid hormones (T3/T4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Adverse effects of hyperthyroidism medication

A

fever, rash, low blood cell counts, hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Adverse effects of hypothyroidism medication

A

hyperthyroidism, osteoporosis, coronary artery disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hormones secreted by the pancreas

A

glucagon and insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do hormones secreted by the pancreas affect the body?

A

increase or decrease glucose levels in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Differences between type 1 and 2 diabetes

A

type 1 - autoimmune disorder destroys beta cells

type 2- insulin resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Complications of diabetes

A

nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, impaired healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How does metformin work?

A

promote glucose uptake by cells, decrease glucose production by liver, slow glucose absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Adverse effects of metformin

A

weight loss, GI upset, diarrhea, lactic acidosis in renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Contraindications of metformin

A

type 1 diabetes, renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sulfonylureas common medications

A

glipizide, glyburide, glimepride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Adverse effects of sulfonylureas

A

hypoglycemia, weight gain, dizziness, loss of efficacy with further beta cell destruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Contraindications of sulfonylureas

A

type 1 diabetes and renal elimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Thiazolidindiones common medications

A

pioglitazone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Adverse effects of thiazolidindiones

A

hypoglycemia, edema, heart failure, factures, weight gain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Contraindications of thiazolidiones

A

heart failure

27
Q

Dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors (DPP)

A

sitagliptin

28
Q

Mechanism of DPP

A

inhibit DPP to increase insulin release and decrease glucagon secretion

29
Q

Mechanism of sulfonylureas

A

increase insulin secretion from beta cells

30
Q

Mechanism of thiazolidinediones

A

improve insulin sensitivity

31
Q

Adverse effects of DPP

A

peripheral edema, hypoglycemia, diarrhea or constipation, weight gain

32
Q

Contraindications of DPP

A

type 1 diabetes, reduce dose with renal dysfunction

33
Q

Common rapid-acting insulins

A

lispro and aspart

34
Q

Lispro brand name

A

Humalog

35
Q

Aspart brand name

A

Novolog

36
Q

Common long-acting insulins

A

glargine

37
Q

Glargine brand name

A

lantus

38
Q

Adverse effects of insulin

A

hypoglycemia

39
Q

Contraindications of insulin

A

hypoglycemia

40
Q

How do you monitor diabetes therapy?

A

blood glucose testing

41
Q

What hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands?

A

stimulated by ACTH and produce corticosteroids

42
Q

What do corticosteroids do?

A

anti-inflammatory, increase glucose, increase blood pressure

43
Q

Adverse effects of corticosteroids

A

insomnia, hypertension, behavioral changes, stomach ulcers, increased appetite, diabetes, osteoporosis, infections, edmia

44
Q

Contraindications of corticosteroids

A

ulcers, severe infections, psychoses, diabetes

45
Q

Common corticosteroids name ending

A

end in -one

46
Q

What part of the male reproductive system produces sperm?

A

testes

47
Q

Types of hormones the male reproductive system secretes

A

testosterone

48
Q

Hypogonadism

A

decreased sperm or testosterone production from testes

49
Q

Symptoms of Hypogonadism

A

decreased vigor/libido, depressed mood, decreased muscle mass/body hair, decrease size of testes, infertility

50
Q

Medication used to treat hypogonadism

A

testosterone replacement

51
Q

Common side effects of androgens

A

pain at injection site/itching after topical application, gynecomasta, acne, prostate growth/prostate cancer, hepatotoxicity

52
Q

Contraindications to androgens

A

prostate cancer, liver disease, pregnancy

53
Q

What part of the female reproductive system produces eggs?

A

ovaries

54
Q

What types of hormones the female reproductive system secretes?

A

estrogens and progesterone

55
Q

Common estrogens

A

estradiol, conjugates estrogens (Premarin)

-estra in name

56
Q

Adverse effects of estrogens

A

changes in libido, edema, breast enlargement, cardiovascular disease, stroke, clots, dementia

57
Q

Contraindications of estrogens

A

breast cancer, clots, pregnancy, breastfeeding

58
Q

Common progestins

A

medroxyprogesterone, norethindone, progesterone

59
Q

Adverse effects of progestins

A

weight gain, clotting, breakthrough bleeding, cycle irregularity

60
Q

Contraindications of progestins

A

pregnancy, breastfeeding, active clots

61
Q

Mechanism of contraception

A
  • inhibit release of gonadotropin releasing hormone
  • pituitary doesn’t release FSH/LH
  • ovulation doesn’t occur
  • uterus wall thins
  • uterine mucus becomes too thick for sperm
62
Q

Adverse effects of contraception

A

nausea, abdominal pain, weight gain, cycle irregularities, clotting

63
Q

Contraindications of contraception

A

pregnancy, clotting

64
Q

Effects of oxytocin

A

similar to oxytocin released by posterior pituitary
increases uterine smooth muscle contraction
promote milk ejection from mammary glands

Pharmacology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions