Chapter 28 Flashcards
What makes up the cardiovascular system?
- heart
- arteries
- capillaries
- veins
Where is the heart located?
-mediastinum
What is the base of the heart?
- the top of the heart where the vessels come out
- underneath the 2nd rib
What is the apex of the heart?
-the point of the heart that sits in the 5th intercostal space and on the diaphragm
What is the pericardium?
-a membrane that covers the heart
What are the different layers of the pericardium? Describe them.
- fibrous pericardium: thick, dense, nonstretchable membrane which is attached at the diaphragm and vessels
- serous pericardium: split into parietal and visceral, reduces friction, thin, moveable, and contains serous fluid
What is another name for the visceral serous pericardium?
-epicaridum
What is the purpose of the pericardium?
-contains and protects the heart
Where is the pericardial space?
-in between the parietal and visceral layers
What is cardiac tamponade?
-when there is a severe compression of the heart due to the buildup of fluid in the pericardial space
What are the layers of the heart wall?
- epicardium
- myocardium
- endocardium
What is the epicardium actually?
-the outside layer of the heart that is actually the visceral serous pericardium
What makes up the myocardium?
- muscle
- the main bulk of the heart
What are intercalated discs?
- join branched muscle cells together
- gap junctions
What is syncytium?
- the gap junction of the intercalated discs join in the cells into a single functional unit
- when the heart acts as one unit because of I. Discs
What are trabeculae carneae?
-malice projections of the myocardium
What makes up heart valves?
-pockets and folds of the endocardium
What are the four chambers of the heart?
- right and left atria
- right and left ventricles
What do the atria do?
- receiving chambers from veins
- push blood into the ventricles