Chapter 25 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How many atoms can make up an organic compound? These types are called?

A

thousands / macromolecules

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2
Q

Macromolecules are composed of?

A

small building blocks

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3
Q

Name the 4 main groups of organic compounds

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

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4
Q

What are the best examples of carbohydrates?

A

sugars and starches

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5
Q

Carbohydrates function in providing this for cells?

A

short - term, quick energy

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6
Q

Carbohydrates contain what elements? (3)

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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7
Q

Name the 3 classifications of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides,

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8
Q

these are simple sugars

A

monosaccharides (simple, mono, one)

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9
Q

examples of monosaccharides

A

glucose and fructose

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10
Q

During digestion, carbohydrates are broken down into what form? Why? They are used for?

A

monosaccharides which is small enough to get into cells and be used for fuel

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11
Q

these are complex sugars consisting of 2 monosaccharies covalently bonded to one another

A

disaccharides

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12
Q

examples of disaccharides

A

sucrose and lactose

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13
Q

table sugar

A

sucrose

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14
Q

milk sugar

A

lactose

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15
Q

These are complex carbs consisting of many simple sugars covalently bonded to one another to form a long chain.

A

polysaccharides

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16
Q

examples of polysaccharides

A

starch and glycogen

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17
Q

What is the storage form of glucose in plants?

18
Q

This is the storage form of glucose in animals (within liver and muscle cells)

19
Q

examples of lipids

A

fats and oils

20
Q

lipids function in providing this for cells

A

long-term fuel

21
Q

this makes up the cell membranes of cells?

22
Q

are lipids soluble in water?

23
Q

lipids contain what 3 elements?

A

carbon, hydogen, oxygen

24
Q

lipids are partially composed of?

A

fatty acids

25
3 classifications of lipids
Monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglyceries
26
how many fatty acids does monoglycerides contains? diglycerides? triglyceries?
1, 2, 3 respectively
27
proteins have what kind of functions?
various
28
What 5 elements do proteins contain?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur
29
Proteins are composed of these which are covalently bonded to one another to form a long chain
amino acids
30
Name a few examples of proteins (6)
enzymes, hemoglobin, collagen, antibodies, actin, and myosin
31
what chemicals help to speed up chemical reactions in living things.
enzymes
32
this is a long chain of amino acids
polypeptide
33
these consist of several polypeptide chains.
globular proteins
34
What can be done to proteins during extreme condidtions such as heat or acidity.
Denatured
35
When proteins are denature, what changes causing what to happen?
its shape and it can no longer carry out its function.
36
Name 2 examples of Nucleic Acids
DNA & RNA
37
What elements are contains in DNA and RNA? (5)
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
38
DNA makes up?
genes
39
these are the basic units of inheritance
genes
40
RNA is involved in?
protein synthesis by cells.