Chapter 22: Respiratory System Flashcards
What are the four processes involved with respiration?
pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, transports of o2 and co2 via blood stream, internal respiration
Pulmonary Ventilation
breathing; exchange of o2 and co2 between atmosphere and lungs
External Respiration
exchange of o2 and co2 between lungs and blood
Internal Respiration
exchange of o2 and co2 between blood and tissues
Upper Respiratory System
warms, moistens, and cleanses inhaled air; includes nose, paranasal sinuses and pharynx
External Nose
overlying skin with many sebaceous glands; supported by nasal cartlages (plates of hyaline cartilage)
Nasal Cavity
extends from nares (nostrils) to posterior nasal aperture; ethmoid and sphenoid bone form roof; hard and soft palate form floor; lateral walls exhibt nasal conchae (create turbulance and increase surface area); divided meidally by nasal septum ; serves as resonance chamber of speech
What are the two types of mucosa that lines the nasal cavity?
olfactory mucosa and respiratory mucosa
Olfactory Mucosa
contains olfactory receptors
Respiratory Mucosa
consists of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells and seromucous nasal glands
Paranasal Sinuses
mucosa lined, air filled cavities located in frontal, ethmoid and maxilla; mucus drains into nasal cavity
Rhinitis
inflammation of respiratory mucosa
Sinusitis
inflammation of paranasal sinuses
Pharynx
muscular tube connecting nasal and oral cavities to larynx and esophagus; subdivided into 3 regions- nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx
Nasopharynx
air passageway; lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium; contains pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids), opening to pharynogotympanic tubes (equlizes middle ear and atmospheric pressrue) and tubal tonsils
Oropharynx
passageway for BOTH food and air; lined with stratified squamous epithelium; contains palatine tonisls and lingual tonsils
Laryngopharynx
passageway for both air and food; lined with stratified squamous epithelium; joins with larynx and esophagus
Upper Respiratory Passage
nose to nasal cavity to nasopharynx to oropharyns to larynogopharynx
Lower Respiratroy Passage
larynx to trachea to main brochi to local branch to segmental branch to bronchiol to terminal bronchiole
Lower Respiratory System
includes larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs
Larynx
voive box; extends from larynogopahrynx to trachea; air passageway supported by 9 cartilages; houses vestibular folds (false vocal cords) and vocal folds (true vocal cords); superior larynx lined wiht straififed squamous epithelium; inner lined with pesudostrafied columnar epithelium
Laryngitis
inflammation of vocal folds and vestibular fold; from yelling/ talking
Trachea
windpipe; from larynx to main bronchi; wall consists of four layers: mucosa (pseudostratified ciliated columnary); submucosa (CT containing sermucous galnds); C Shaped hyaline cartilgage; adventitia (CT Covering)
Conduction of Bronchial Tree
main bronchi to lobar bronchi to segmental bronchi to bronchioles to terminal bronchioles