Chapter 20: Lymphatic System

Question 1

Lymphatic System

Answer 1

returns fluiids leaked from vascular sys back to blood; consists of lymphatic vessels, lymph, and lymph nodes

Question 2

Lymphatic Vessels

Answer 2

aka lymphatics; one way sys of drainage vessels; transport lymph

Question 3

Order of Lymph Transportation

Answer 3

lymphatic capullaies to collecting lymphatic vessels to lymphatic trunks to lymphatic ducts

Question 4

Lymphatic Capillaries

Answer 4

blind ended tubes; endothelial cells overlap to form flaplike mini valves (open in response to increased interstitail volume) ; more permeable than blood capillaries (proteins easily enter as well as cell debris, pathogens and cancer); absent from bones and teeth;

Question 5

Lacteals

Answer 5

specialized lymph capillaries in intestinal vili; transport fatty lymph called chyle

Question 6

Collecting Lymphatic Vessels

Answer 6

have same 3 tunics as veins but thinner walls; more valves than veins; low pressure conduits sprinkled with lymph nodes; largest lympahtic vessles nourished via vasa vasorum; empty into lymphatic trunk

Question 7

Lymphatic Trunks

Answer 7

drain large areas; named for regions drained; empty in lymphatic ducts

Question 8

Right Lymphatic Duct

Answer 8

drains lymph from righ upper limb, right side of head and thorax

Question 9

Thoracic Duct

Answer 9

begins at cisterna chyli nd drains lymph from rest of body

Question 10

Both right lymphatic and thoracic duct…

Answer 10

empty into venous circulation at junction of internal jugular vein and subclavian vein

Question 11

What is lymphangitis?

Answer 11

inflammation of lympahtic vessels; those near surface become visible as red streaks tender to the touch

Question 12

Lymph Transport

Answer 12

slow and sporadic; depends on same mechanisms as being to enhance flow

Question 13

Lympederma

Answer 13

anything that hinder flow; certain parasites invade lymphati vesesls and blood flow of lymph (such as filanal worms which if untreated leads to elephantiasis)

Question 14

What are the lymphoid cells?

Answer 14

lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, reticular cells

Question 15

Lymphocyes

Answer 15

protect against antigens that provoke an immune response; T Cells and B cells

Question 16

T Cells

Answer 16

when activated, mediate cellular immunity; some directly attack and destroy infected cells

Question 17

B Cells

Answer 17

when activated, mediate humoral immunity; descendants produce antibodies which mark foreign antigens for destruction

Question 18

Macrophages

Answer 18

phagocytize foreign microbes; help activate T Cells

Question 19

Dendritic CElls

Answer 19

engulf antigens and migrate to lymph nodes; present antigens to T cells initiating their activation

Question 20

Reticular Cells

Answer 20

cells that produce reticular fibers

Question 21

Lymphoid Tissue

Answer 21

made up of reticular CT; contains macrophages and lymphocytes

Question 22

Diffuse Lymphoid

Answer 22

loose arangement of cells and fibers; found everywhere

Question 23

Follicular Lymphoid TIssue

Answer 23

solid, spherical structures containing tightly packed cells and fibers; often have light staining germinal centers where B cells proliferate

Question 24

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Answer 24

where B and T cells mature (become immunocompetent); B cells mature in RBM; T cells mature in thymus

Question 25

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Answer 25

where mature B and T cells first encounter antigens and are activated (lymph nodes, spleem, MALT)

Question 26

Lymph Nodes

Answer 26

large clusters in cervical axillary and inguinal artery; cleanse lymph; site for B and T cell activation and proliferation; lymph enters via many afferent lymphatic vessels and exists via fewer effeerent lymphatic vessels

Question 27

What is a bubo?

Answer 27

swollen lymph node

Question 28

FLow of Lymph thru Node

Answer 28

afferent vessels to subscapular sinus to medullary sinus to efferent vessels

Question 29

Sinuses

Answer 29

large lymphatic (sinooidal) capillaires; contain lg population of macrophages

Question 30

Sentinel Lymph Nodes

Answer 30

receive lymph from a body area suspected of cancer

Question 31

Spleen

Answer 31

largest lymphnoid organ; cleanses blood and removes aged or defective RBCs; store platelets, monocutes and iron; site of RBC production in infants; site for B and T cells activation and proliferation

Question 32

White Pulp

Answer 32

where immune functions take plave (primarily lymphocytes)

Question 33

Red Pulp

Answer 33

where old RBCs broken down and blood borne pathogens destroyed (primarily erythrocytes and macrophages)

Question 34

MALT

Answer 34

mucosa assiciated lymphoid tissues; lymphoid tusses found in mucous membrane of digestive and respiratory tract; includes tonsils, peyers pathces and appendix

Question 35

Tonsils

Answer 35

form a ring around entrance to pharynx; bacteria trapped i tonsilar crypts and destroyted by resident macrophages and lymphocytes; invite infection and promote immunity

Question 36

Peyers Patches

Answer 36

clusters of lymphoid folliccles in wall of ileum; ontain macrophages, B cells, T cells and dendritic cells; prevents bacteria from reaching intestinal wall; generate memory lymphocytes

Question 37

Appendix

Answer 37

blind sac extending from cecum (1st portion of large intestine); contains numerois lymphoid folicles

Question 38

Tonsilites

Answer 38

inflammation of the tonsils

Question 39

Splenomegaly

Answer 39

enlarged spleen due to septicemia, leukemia, mononucleosis or malaria

Question 40

Lymphadenopathy

Answer 40

any disease of lymph nodes

Question 41

Lymphoma

Answer 41

tumor of lymphoid tissue (benign or malignant)

Question 42

Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma

Answer 42

all cancers of lymphoid tissues except Hodgkin’s; uncontrolled multiplication & metastasis of undifferentiated lymphocytes

Question 43

Hodgkins Lymphoma

Answer 43

malignancy of lymphoid tissue; observe swollen, nonpainful nodes & giant malignant B cells