Chapter 22 Part 7 Flashcards
PSAP
Public Service Answering Points for emergency calls.
COVID-19 Query Process
Assess infection risk without hindering prearrival instructions.
EMS Precautions
Protect EMS crew from potential COVID-19 exposure.
Scene Size-up
Evaluate safety and hazards before approaching a scene.
Potential Hazards
Identify risks in various emergency scenarios.
Multiple Patients
Family members may all be infected with COVID-19.
Primary Assessment
Identify and manage immediate life threats.
Airway Management
Maintain airway for patients with compromised breathing.
Mechanical Airway Devices
Includes nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and endotracheal tubes.
Ventilation Assessment
Evaluate respiratory rate and tidal volume adequacy.
Tidal Volume
Volume of air exchanged during breathing.
Positive Pressure Ventilation
Initiate if tidal volume or rate is inadequate.
PPE for Ventilation
Use proper personal protective equipment during procedures.
Hyperventilation
Increased breathing rate due to hypoxemia compensation.
Anaerobic Metabolism
Energy production shift due to oxygen deprivation.
Hypoventilation
Decreased breathing effectiveness leading to respiratory failure.
Oxygenation Compromise
COVID-19 primarily affects oxygen levels, not ventilation.
Respiratory Rate
Number of breaths taken per minute.
Adequate Ventilation
Requires both adequate rate and tidal volume.
Altered Mental State
Impaired consciousness affecting airway protection.
Severe Hypoxia
Critical oxygen deficiency impacting patient health.
COVID-19 Symptoms
Signs indicating possible infection in patients.
Alveolar Tissue
Lung tissue involved in gas exchange.
Hypoxemia
Low oxygen levels in the blood.
Hypercarbic
Elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
Happy Hypoxic
Patients tolerating severe hypoxia without distress.
Oxygen Therapy
Treatment to increase oxygen levels in patients.
Pulse Oximeter
Device measuring blood oxygen saturation.
Nonrebreather Mask
Mask providing high-concentration oxygen to patients.
Tachycardia
Increased heart rate, often a hypoxemia sign.
Cyanosis
Bluish discoloration indicating low oxygen levels.
Tachypnea
Rapid breathing, often seen in hypoxic patients.
Secondary Assessment
Detailed evaluation to confirm COVID-19 suspicion.
OPQRST Mnemonic
Tool for assessing onset and duration of symptoms.
Comorbid Factors
Pre-existing conditions increasing infection severity risk.
Asymptomatic COVID-19
Positive test without clinical signs or symptoms.
Mild COVID-19
Upper respiratory or digestive symptoms present.
Moderate COVID-19
Pneumonia without hypoxemia, normal chest X-ray.
Severe COVID-19
Pneumonia accompanied by hypoxemia.
Critical COVID-19
Severe respiratory distress requiring intensive care.
Signs of Hypoxemia
Indicators include confusion, pale skin, and tachycardia.
COVID-19 Symptoms
Include fever, cough, fatigue, and loss of taste.
Chest Compressions
Emergency procedure for cardiac arrest patients.
PPE for CPR
Personal protective equipment recommended during resuscitation.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Severe lung condition causing low oxygen levels.
Encephalopathy
Brain dysfunction due to various causes.
Myocardial Injury
Damage to heart muscle from various factors.
Heart Failure
Heart’s inability to pump sufficient blood.
Coagulation Dysfunction
Impaired blood clotting ability.
Acute Kidney Injury
Sudden decrease in kidney function.
Pupil Assessment
Evaluate pupils for equality and response.
Jugular Venous Distension
Swelling of neck veins indicating heart issues.
Bilateral Breath Sounds
Assessment of lung sounds in both sides.
Rales
Abnormal lung sounds indicating fluid presence.
Rhonchi
Low-pitched sounds from mucus in airways.
Presacral Edema
Swelling in lower back from heart failure.
Skin Temperature Assessment
Evaluate temperature for signs of infection.
Hypoxemia
Low blood oxygen levels causing systemic effects.
Pulse Oximeter
Device measuring blood oxygen saturation levels.
Continuous EKG Monitor
Real-time heart rhythm assessment tool.
End-Tidal Monitor
Measures effectiveness of ventilation, not oxygenation.
Patent Airway
Clear passage for air to reach lungs.
Oxygen Therapy
Supplemental oxygen to improve patient oxygenation.
Nonrebreather Mask
High-flow oxygen delivery device for emergencies.
Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV)
Assisted breathing for patients in respiratory distress.
CDC COVID-19 Precautions
Guidelines for safely handling COVID-19 patients.
Documentation of Care
Record of EMS provider interactions and PPE used.
Ambulance Isolation
Separate driver from patient compartment during transport.
Mask Requirement
Caregivers must wear masks in the ambulance.
Nonrecirculate Mode
Vehicle ventilation should not recirculate air.
Rear Exhaust Fan
Draws air away from the cab.
HEPA Ventilation System
Increases air exchanges per hour.
Negative Pressure
Created by opening outside vents and max exhaust.
CDC Cleaning Guidelines
Protocols for cleaning after COVID-19 transport.
Open Rear Doors
Facilitates air changes to remove infectious particles.
Disposable PPE
Wear gown and gloves during cleaning.
EPA-Registered Disinfectant
Use for frequently touched surfaces in the ambulance.
Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)
Follow for cleaning and PPE disposal.
Avoid Shaking Linens
Launder linens according to SOP.
COVID-19 Exposure Risk
High risk for EMS providers during patient care.
Asymptomatic Infection
Infected individuals may show no symptoms.
Severe Hypoxemia
Low oxygen levels without typical breathing difficulty.
Vascular Complications
COVID-19 can cause clotting and heart failure.
Supportive Treatment
Focus on oxygenation for COVID-19 patients.
Routes of Exposure
Ingestion, absorption, inhalation, and injection.
Activated Charcoal Administration
Follow specific steps for patient safety.
Medical Direction Order
Obtain before administering activated charcoal.
Patient Observation
Watch patient while they drink charcoal.
Record Keeping
Document dose and time of charcoal administration.
