Chapter 22 Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Pharming

A

Adolescents raiding medicine cabinets for drugs.

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2
Q

Pharming Party

A

Event where teens trade and use prescription drugs.

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3
Q

CNS Stimulants

A

Drugs that excite the central nervous system.

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4
Q

CNS Depressants

A

Drugs that depress the central nervous system.

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5
Q

Narcotics

A

CNS depressants derived from opium or synthetic sources.

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6
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Psychedelic drugs causing hallucinations and altered perception.

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7
Q

Volatile Inhalants

A

Substances inhaled for psychoactive effects.

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8
Q

Signs and Symptoms

A

Physical indicators of drug or alcohol abuse.

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9
Q

Oxy-Contin

A

Common painkiller abused at pharming parties.

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10
Q

Demerol

A

Opioid pain medication often misused.

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11
Q

Ritalin

A

Stimulant prescribed for attention-deficit disorders.

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12
Q

Adderall

A

Stimulant used to treat ADHD, commonly abused.

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13
Q

Dexedrine

A

Stimulant for ADHD, potential for misuse.

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14
Q

Tachycardia

A

Increased heart rate, common in stimulant abuse.

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15
Q

Bradycardia

A

Decreased heart rate, often seen with narcotics.

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16
Q

Hypotension

A

Low blood pressure, can occur with depressants.

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17
Q

Respiratory Depression

A

Decreased breathing effectiveness, risk with narcotics.

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18
Q

Euphoria

A

Intense happiness, often experienced with depressants.

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19
Q

Agitation

A

Restlessness or excitement, common with stimulants.

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20
Q

Open Airway

A

First step in emergency care for overdose.

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21
Q

Positive Pressure Ventilation

A

Technique to assist inadequate breathing.

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22
Q

Scene Safety

A

Priority in managing substance abuse emergencies.

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23
Q

Calming the Patient

A

Important to prevent injury during agitation.

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24
Q

Respiratory distress

A

Signs indicating difficulty in breathing.

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25
Q

Hypoxia

A

Insufficient oxygen in the tissues.

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26
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Low oxygen levels in the blood.

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27
Q

Nasal cannula

A

Device for delivering oxygen through the nose.

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28
Q

Lateral recumbent position

A

Side-lying position to protect the airway.

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29
Q

Supine position

A

Lying flat on the back.

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30
Q

Hallucinogen

A

Substance causing altered perception and mood.

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31
Q

Environmental Emergencies

A

Situations requiring temperature regulation and care.

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32
Q

Tympanic thermometer

A

Device measuring temperature via the ear.

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33
Q

Blood glucose level

A

Measurement of glucose concentration in blood.

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34
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Condition of abnormally low blood sugar.

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35
Q

Restraints

A

Devices used to limit patient movement.

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36
Q

Prone position

A

Lying flat on the stomach.

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37
Q

Reassessment

A

Ongoing evaluation of a patient’s condition.

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38
Q

CNS stimulant

A

Substance increasing central nervous system activity.

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39
Q

CNS depressant

A

Substance decreasing central nervous system activity.

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40
Q

Airway obstruction

A

Blockage preventing airflow to the lungs.

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41
Q

Suctioning

A

Removing fluids or secretions from the airway.

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42
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Rapid or deep breathing causing decreased carbon dioxide.

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43
Q

Skin color assessment

A

Evaluating skin for signs of distress.

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44
Q

Heart rate variability

A

Fluctuations in heart rate during assessment.

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45
Q

Vomitus

A

Material expelled from the stomach.

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46
Q

Secretions

A

Fluids produced by the body, often obstructive.

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47
Q

CNS Stimulants

A

Drugs causing excitability and increased alertness.

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48
Q

Excitability

A

Increased emotional arousal and restlessness.

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49
Q

Tachycardia

A

Elevated heart rate above normal levels.

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50
Q

Dilated Pupils

A

Enlarged pupils, indicating possible drug influence.

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51
Q

CNS Depressants

A

Substances that reduce brain activity and arousal.

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52
Q

Euphoria

A

Intense feelings of happiness and well-being.

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53
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slowed heart rate, often below 60 bpm.

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54
Q

Narcotics

A

Opioids that relieve pain but can depress respiration.

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55
Q

Lethargy

A

State of sluggishness and reduced energy.

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56
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Substances causing altered perceptions and hallucinations.

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57
Q

Paranoia

A

Intense anxiety or fear, often irrational.

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58
Q

Volatile Inhalants

A

Substances causing intoxication through inhalation.

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59
Q

Erratic Blood Pressure

A

Unpredictable fluctuations in blood pressure readings.

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60
Q

Drug Withdrawal

A

Symptoms occurring after cessation of substance use.

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61
Q

Tremors

A

Involuntary muscle contractions or shaking.

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62
Q

Emergency Care Protocol

A

Steps for managing drug or alcohol emergencies.

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63
Q

Positive Pressure Ventilation

A

Assisted breathing technique for inadequate respiration.

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64
Q

Lateral Recumbent Position

A

Side-lying position to maintain airway patency.

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65
Q

Reassessment Frequency

A

Regular monitoring of vital signs and condition.

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66
Q

Seizure Emergency Protocol

A

Guidelines for managing seizure activity.

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67
Q

Mental Status Assessment

A

Evaluation of consciousness and cognitive function.

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68
Q

Naloxone Administration

A

Opioid overdose treatment via intramuscular or intranasal.

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69
Q

Transport Protocol

A

Guidelines for safely moving the patient.

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70
Q

Talk-Down Technique

A

Method to calm patients experiencing drug-induced anxiety.

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71
Q

Bad Trip

A

Intense anxiety or panic from hallucinogen use.

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72
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Drugs causing altered perceptions and reality distortion.

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73
Q

Marijuana Emergencies

A

Psychological effects more common than physical symptoms.

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74
Q

Prolonged Psychotic Reactions

A

Extended mental disturbances from hallucinogen use.

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75
Q

Personal Space

A

Physical area around a person that should not be invaded.

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76
Q

Verbalize

A

Encourage patients to express their feelings and experiences.

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77
Q

Self-Identification

A

Recognizing familiar objects to ground the patient.

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78
Q

PCP

A

Hallucinogen that can exacerbate agitation in users.

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79
Q

Drug Withdrawal

A

Symptoms experienced when a dependent user stops taking drugs.

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80
Q

Tolerance

A

Need for larger doses to achieve same drug effects.

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81
Q

Psychological Dependence

A

Compulsive behavior focused on acquiring drugs.

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82
Q

Physiological Dependence

A

Body requires drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms.

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83
Q

Cumulative Effects

A

Long-term consequences from years of substance abuse.

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84
Q

Acute Intoxication

A

Immediate effects of consuming excessive alcohol or drugs.

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85
Q

Signs of Alcohol Abuse

A

Indicators of long-term alcohol consumption issues.

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86
Q

Sympathetic Approach

A

Remain calm and understanding during patient interaction.

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87
Q

Establish Rapport

A

Build trust before physical contact with the patient.

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88
Q

Mental Clarity

A

State of clear thinking that may follow confusion.

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89
Q

Nonjudgmental Attitude

A

Maintain neutrality when interacting with distressed patients.

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90
Q

Transport After Calming

A

Move patient only after they have stabilized.

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91
Q

Reassurance

A

Provide comfort that drug effects are temporary.

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92
Q

Narcotics

A

Drugs that relieve pain and induce sleep.

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93
Q

Alcohol Use Disorder

A

Condition characterized by problem drinking and addiction.

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94
Q

Sedatives

A

Drugs that calm or induce sleep.

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95
Q

Hypnotics

A

Medications that induce sleep or sedation.

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96
Q

Barbiturates

A

Depressant drugs used for anxiety and sleep.

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97
Q

Cocaine

A

Stimulant drug that increases energy and alertness.

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98
Q

Marijuana

A

Psychoactive drug from cannabis plant.

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99
Q

Withdrawal Symptoms

A

Signs that occur after stopping drug use.

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100
Q

Anxiety

A

Feeling of worry or unease.

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101
Q

Agitation

A

State of nervousness or restlessness.

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102
Q

Profuse Sweating

A

Excessive perspiration due to withdrawal.

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103
Q

Piloerection

A

Goosebumps caused by withdrawal symptoms.

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104
Q

Elevated Heart Rate

A

Increased pulse due to withdrawal.

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105
Q

Hallucinations

A

Perceptions without external stimuli, visual or auditory.

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106
Q

Tactile Hallucinations

A

Feeling sensations that aren’t present.

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107
Q

Nausea

A

Feeling of sickness with an urge to vomit.

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108
Q

Abdominal Cramping

A

Pain in the stomach area during withdrawal.

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109
Q

Delirium Tremens (DTs)

A

Severe alcohol withdrawal with confusion and agitation.

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110
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

A

Brain disorder from alcohol toxicity and malnutrition.

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111
Q

Alcohol Intoxication Signs

A

Odor, swaying, slurred speech, and drowsiness.

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112
Q

Alcohol Emergencies

A

Critical situations arising from alcohol use.

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113
Q

Life Support Management

A

Care provided to stabilize vital functions.

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114
Q

Aspiration Risk

A

Danger of inhaling vomit into lungs.

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115
Q

Paralysis of the eyes

A

Loss of eye movement control due to syndrome.

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116
Q

Dementia

A

Cognitive decline affecting memory and reasoning.

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117
Q

Hypothermia

A

Abnormally low body temperature condition.

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118
Q

Inability to sort fiction from reality

A

Difficulty distinguishing between real and imagined events.

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119
Q

Coma

A

State of prolonged unconsciousness.

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120
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure condition.

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121
Q

Altered mental status

A

Changes in cognitive function from liver issues.

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122
Q

Cirrhosis of the liver

A

Severe liver scarring affecting function.

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123
Q

Liver failure

A

Liver degeneration leading to fatty deposits.

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124
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas causing pain.

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125
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Heart muscle disease affecting function.

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126
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the abdominal lining.

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127
Q

Chronic gastric ulcer

A

Long-lasting sore in the stomach lining.

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128
Q

Bone marrow suppression

A

Reduced blood cell production in the marrow.

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129
Q

Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage

A

Bleeding in the upper digestive tract.

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130
Q

Seizures

A

Sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain.

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131
Q

Subdural hematoma

A

Blood collection between the brain and its outer covering.

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132
Q

Fractures from falls

A

Broken bones due to repeated falls.

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133
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Low blood sugar levels causing symptoms.

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134
Q

Pneumonia

A

Lung infection causing breathing difficulties.

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135
Q

Pruritus

A

Severe itching of the skin.

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136
Q

Clotting disorders

A

Conditions affecting blood coagulation.

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137
Q

Withdrawal syndrome

A

Symptoms after reducing or stopping substance use.

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138
Q

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome

A

Symptoms mimicking psychiatric disorders after alcohol reduction.

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139
Q

Delirium tremens

A

Severe alcohol withdrawal with high mortality risk.

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140
Q

Alcoholic tremulousness

A

Early withdrawal symptoms including tremors and insomnia.

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141
Q

Alcoholic hallucinosis

A

Hallucinations occurring during alcohol withdrawal.

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142
Q

Withdrawal seizures

A

Seizures occurring during alcohol withdrawal.

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143
Q

Mortality rate of delirium tremens

A

Approximately 15-20% without treatment.

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144
Q

Duration of delirium tremens

A

Lasts between 1 to 5 days.

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145
Q

Severe confusion

A

Disorientation and inability to think clearly.

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146
Q

Loss of memory

A

Inability to recall past events or information.

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147
Q

Tremors

A

Involuntary muscle shaking or quivering.

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148
Q

Restlessness and irritability

A

Increased agitation and inability to relax.

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149
Q

Extremely high fever

A

Body temperature significantly above normal levels.

150
Q

Dilated pupils

A

Enlarged pupils indicating potential distress or drug use.

151
Q

Profuse sweating

A

Excessive perspiration beyond normal levels.

152
Q

Insomnia

A

Inability to sleep or disrupted sleep patterns.

153
Q

Elevated blood pressure

A

Blood pressure higher than normal range.

154
Q

Tachycardia

A

Abnormally rapid heart rate exceeding normal limits.

155
Q

Nausea and vomiting

A

Feeling sick and expelling stomach contents.

156
Q

Diarrhea

A

Frequent, watery bowel movements.

157
Q

Hallucinations

A

Perceptions of things not present, often frightening.

158
Q

Opioid

A

Agent mimicking morphine effects on the body.

159
Q

Opiate

A

Natural agents derived from opium.

160
Q

Narcotic

A

Agents inducing sleep, broader than opioids.

161
Q

Fentanyl

A

Synthetic opioid, 50-100 times more potent than morphine.

162
Q

Carfentanil

A

Synthetic opioid, 100 times more potent than fentanyl.

163
Q

Nitazenes

A

New class of synthetic opioids identified post-mortem.

164
Q

CNS depression

A

Reduced central nervous system activity and responsiveness.

165
Q

Respiratory depression

A

Decreased breathing rate and volume.

166
Q

Miosis

A

Constricted pupils, common in opioid toxicity.

167
Q

Seizure

A

Result of hypoxia from respiratory depression.

168
Q

Psychomotor delay

A

Caused by hypoxia and cell injury.

169
Q

Dysarthria

A

Speech disturbance due to facial muscle paralysis.

170
Q

Ataxia

A

Incoordination resulting from hypoxia and cell injury.

171
Q

Tremors

A

Involuntary muscle contractions from hypoxia.

172
Q

Crackles

A

Sound from acute pulmonary edema and hypoxia.

173
Q

Hearing loss

A

Altered metabolism affecting ear function.

174
Q

Hypotension

A

Low blood pressure due to CNS depression.

175
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow heart rate from central nervous system effects.

176
Q

Nausea

A

Vomiting due to decreased gastrointestinal motility.

177
Q

Urinary retention

A

Inability to urinate from urethral sphincter spasm.

178
Q

Pruritus

A

Itching caused by histamine release.

179
Q

Flushing

A

Skin redness from histamine release.

180
Q

Urticaria

A

Hives resulting from histamine release.

181
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Low blood sugar with unclear mechanism.

182
Q

Hypothermia

A

Lowered body temperature with unclear mechanism.

183
Q

Naloxone

A

Medication used to reverse opioid overdose effects.

184
Q

Patient Care Goals

A

Focus on rapid intervention and prevention of arrest.

185
Q

Inclusion Criteria

A

Decreased mental status with suspected opioid use.

186
Q

Exclusion Criteria

A

Altered mental status from non-opioid causes.

187
Q

PPE

A

Personal protective equipment for patient management.

188
Q

Opioids

A

Drugs with minimal vapor pressure, low exposure risk.

189
Q

Naloxone

A

Opioid antagonist for respiratory depression treatment.

190
Q

Intravenous route

A

Provides predictable bioavailability for naloxone administration.

191
Q

Intranasal route

A

Alternative naloxone delivery method via nasal spray.

192
Q

Intramuscular route

A

Naloxone delivery method using muscle injection.

193
Q

Nebulized solution

A

Medication delivery option for naloxone administration.

194
Q

Respiratory depression

A

Reduced breathing effectiveness, often due to opioids.

195
Q

Titration

A

Incremental adjustment of naloxone dosage for effect.

196
Q

Pediatric dose

A

Specific naloxone dosage for children, varies by route.

197
Q

Adult dose

A

Typical naloxone dosage range for adults, varies by route.

198
Q

Adhesive patch

A

Form of opioids for transdermal absorption, remove if found.

199
Q

Blood-borne pathogens

A

Infections transmitted through blood, risk from needle sticks.

200
Q

Bag valve mask

A

Device for providing ventilatory support to patients.

201
Q

Assessment

A

Evaluation of airway, breathing, circulation, and mental status.

202
Q

Hypoxia

A

Low oxygen levels, assessed with pulse oximetry.

203
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Low blood sugar, can alter mental status.

204
Q

Hypotension

A

Low blood pressure, potential cause of altered mental state.

205
Q

Traumatic head injury

A

Possible cause of altered mental status requiring assessment.

206
Q

Auto-injector

A

Pre-measured naloxone device for layperson use.

207
Q

Mucosal atomization device (MAD)

A

Needleless syringe for intranasal naloxone delivery.

208
Q

Single-use bottle

A

Container for naloxone nasal spray, designed for one use.

209
Q

Public access programs

A

Initiatives providing naloxone to non-medical responders.

210
Q

Cardiac arrest

A

Condition where naloxone is ineffective for treatment.

211
Q

Naloxone

A

Opioid antagonist used to reverse respiratory depression.

212
Q

Respiratory Depression

A

Decreased breathing rate or effort, critical in overdose.

213
Q

Airway Management

A

Ensuring adequate oxygenation and ventilation in patients.

214
Q

Opioid Withdrawal

A

Agitation or violence post-naloxone due to withdrawal.

215
Q

High-Potency Opioids

A

Opioids requiring larger naloxone doses for reversal.

216
Q

Fentanyl

A

Potent opioid, available in various legal forms.

217
Q

Carfentanil

A

Extremely potent opioid, used for large animals.

218
Q

Synthetic Opioids

A

Man-made opioids, often undetectable in tests.

219
Q

Combination Analgesics

A

Opioids mixed with other analgesics like acetaminophen.

220
Q

Vicodin

A

Combination of acetaminophen and hydrocodone.

221
Q

Percocet

A

Combination of acetaminophen and oxycodone.

222
Q

Percodan

A

Combination of aspirin and oxycodone.

223
Q

Suboxone

A

Combination of buprenorphine and naloxone.

224
Q

QT Prolongation

A

Potential toxic effect of methadone overdose.

225
Q

Chest Wall Rigidity

A

Muscle stiffness requiring PEEP in fentanyl overdoses.

226
Q

Miosis

A

Pinpoint pupils, a sign of opioid overdose.

227
Q

Decreased Mental Status

A

Altered consciousness due to opioid effects.

228
Q

PEEP

A

Positive end-expiratory pressure for ventilation support.

229
Q

Accidental Overdose

A

Unintentional opioid overdose from misuse or abuse.

230
Q

Toxicity Risks

A

Increased when opioids are mixed with other substances.

231
Q

Monitoring Duration

A

Naloxone effects last about one hour; monitor closely.

232
Q

Scene Safety

A

Ensure safety due to potential violent withdrawal.

233
Q

Naloxone Administration

A

Administered to reverse opioid effects and restore breathing.

234
Q

Ventilation

A

Critical intervention before naloxone in overdose cases.

235
Q

Naloxone

A

Generic name for opioid overdose reversal medication.

236
Q

Narcan

A

Trade name for naloxone medication.

237
Q

Opioid Intoxication

A

Condition requiring naloxone for CNS depression.

238
Q

Respiratory Depression

A

Inadequate breathing requiring immediate medical intervention.

239
Q

Positive Pressure Ventilation

A

Technique to assist inadequate breathing in patients.

240
Q

Mucosal Atomizer Device

A

Device used for intranasal naloxone administration.

241
Q

Intranasal Route

A

Common route for naloxone administration by EMTs.

242
Q

Intramuscular Route

A

Alternative route for naloxone, less commonly used.

243
Q

Dosage for Intranasal

A

Typical dose is 4 mg per nostril.

244
Q

Hypotension

A

Low blood pressure, a sign of opioid overdose.

245
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow heart rate, indicating possible opioid effects.

246
Q

Airway Management

A

First step in emergency care for overdose.

247
Q

Oxygenation

A

Maintaining adequate oxygen levels in the patient.

248
Q

Suctioning Airway

A

Clearing airway to prevent aspiration during overdose.

249
Q

Patient Restraint

A

Consideration due to potential aggression post-naloxone.

250
Q

Contraindication of Naloxone

A

Known hypersensitivity to naloxone is the only contraindication.

251
Q

Naloxone Administration Steps

A

Follow specific steps for safe naloxone delivery.

252
Q

Carfentanyl

A

A potent opioid requiring higher naloxone doses.

253
Q

Physiologic Instability

A

Condition needing larger naloxone doses or ALS unit.

254
Q

Nasal Cannula

A

Device for administering supplemental oxygen.

255
Q

Lateral Recumbent Position

A

Position to prevent aspiration in unresponsive patients.

256
Q

Emergency Medical Care Steps

A

Sequential actions for managing opioid overdose.

257
Q

CNS Depression

A

Central nervous system impairment due to opioids.

258
Q

Naloxone Auto-Injector

A

Device for easy naloxone administration.

259
Q

Naloxone

A

Opioid antagonist that reverses opioid effects.

260
Q

Opioid Receptors

A

Sites where opioids bind to exert effects.

261
Q

Acute Opioid Withdrawal

A

Symptoms occurring after sudden opioid cessation.

262
Q

Respiratory Depression

A

Decreased breathing rate and effectiveness.

263
Q

Hypotension

A

Abnormally low blood pressure condition.

264
Q

Bradycardia

A

Abnormally slow heart rate.

265
Q

Reassessment

A

Monitoring vital signs post-naloxone administration.

266
Q

Redose

A

Administer additional naloxone if needed.

267
Q

PCP

A

Dangerous hallucinogen with numerous street names.

268
Q

Cocaine

A

Highly addictive stimulant with severe health risks.

269
Q

Crack Cocaine

A

Smokable form of nearly pure cocaine.

270
Q

Amphetamines

A

Stimulants that excite the central nervous system.

271
Q

Methamphetamines

A

Powerful stimulant with high addiction potential.

272
Q

Hyperthermia

A

Elevated body temperature, potentially life-threatening.

273
Q

Muscle Rigidity

A

Stiffness of muscles, can occur with stimulants.

274
Q

Hallucinogenic Amphetamines

A

Amphetamines that cause hallucinations and altered perception.

275
Q

Street Names

A

Common names used for illicit drugs.

276
Q

Nasal Dryness

A

Dryness of nasal passages, possible side effect.

277
Q

Edema

A

Swelling due to fluid retention, can occur nasally.

278
Q

Congestion

A

Blockage of nasal passages, often due to inflammation.

279
Q

Monitoring

A

Continuous observation of patient’s vital signs.

280
Q

Transport

A

Moving patient while ensuring stability and safety.

281
Q

Emergency Care Considerations

A

Special protocols for treating drug-related emergencies.

282
Q

PABS

A

Psychoactive bath salts, synthetic designer drugs.

283
Q

CNS Stimulant

A

Drug that stimulates the central nervous system.

284
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Neurotransmitter involved in arousal and alertness.

285
Q

Dopamine

A

Neurotransmitter linked to pleasure and reward.

286
Q

Tolerance

A

Reduced response to a drug after prolonged use.

287
Q

Withdrawal

A

Symptoms experienced after cessation of drug use.

288
Q

Sympathetic Stimulation

A

Increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system.

289
Q

Tachycardia

A

Abnormally rapid heart rate.

290
Q

Hypertension

A

Elevated blood pressure.

291
Q

Hyperthermia

A

Dangerously high body temperature.

292
Q

Altered Mental Status

A

Changes in awareness or cognitive function.

293
Q

Paranoia

A

Intense, irrational distrust or suspicion.

294
Q

MDMA

A

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, known as ecstasy.

295
Q

Euphoria

A

Intense feeling of happiness or well-being.

296
Q

Rave Culture

A

Subculture centered around electronic dance music events.

297
Q

Bruxism

A

Involuntary teeth grinding or jaw clenching.

298
Q

Mydriasis

A

Dilation of the pupils.

299
Q

Hyperpyrexia

A

Life-threatening elevation of core body temperature.

300
Q

Intracranial Hemorrhage

A

Bleeding within the skull.

301
Q

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

A

Severe lung condition causing breathing difficulties.

302
Q

Emergency Management

A

Supportive care for drug overdose situations.

303
Q

Extreme agitation

A

Intense restlessness or excitement in behavior.

304
Q

Involuntary eye movement

A

Uncontrolled horizontal and vertical eye motions.

305
Q

Unresponsiveness to pain

A

Lack of reaction to painful stimuli.

306
Q

Severe muscular rigidity

A

Stiffness of muscles, limiting movement.

307
Q

Excessive bronchial secretions

A

Increased mucus production in airways.

308
Q

Hypertension

A

Elevated blood pressure above normal levels.

309
Q

Hyperthermia

A

Abnormally high body temperature.

310
Q

Decreased urinary output

A

Lower than normal urine production.

311
Q

Respiratory depression

A

Reduced breathing rate or effort.

312
Q

Vivid hallucinations

A

Intense sensory experiences without external stimuli.

313
Q

Sensation of bugs crawling

A

Feeling of insects on or under the skin.

314
Q

Myocardial infarction (MI)

A

Heart attack due to blocked blood flow.

315
Q

Aortic dissection

A

Tear in the aorta’s wall, causing separation.

316
Q

Chest pain unrelated to MI

A

Discomfort not linked to heart attack causes.

317
Q

Stroke

A

Interruption of blood supply to the brain.

318
Q

Severe headache

A

Intense pain not relieved by analgesics.

319
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

A

Pattern of alternating apnea and breathing.

320
Q

Neurological problems

A

Issues affecting the nervous system functions.

321
Q

Psychiatric problems

A

Mental health issues like anxiety or psychosis.

322
Q

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

A

Main psychoactive compound in cannabis.

323
Q

Medical marijuana

A

Cannabis used for therapeutic purposes.

324
Q

Undesired side effects of THC

A

Negative reactions like dry mouth and tachycardia.

325
Q

Impaired Attention

A

Decreased ability to focus due to drug use.

326
Q

Motor Vehicle Accidents

A

Crashes linked to impaired driving from substances.

327
Q

Tolerance

A

Reduced response to a substance after repeated use.

328
Q

Withdrawal

A

Symptoms experienced after stopping a substance.

329
Q

Synthetic Cannabinoids

A

Manufactured chemicals mimicking THC effects.

330
Q

New Psychoactive Substances (NPS)

A

Unregulated drugs with mind-altering effects.

331
Q

Herbal Incense

A

Dried plants sprayed with synthetic cannabinoids.

332
Q

E-cigarettes

A

Devices for vaporizing liquids, including synthetic cannabinoids.

333
Q

Synthetic Marijuana

A

Common name for synthetic cannabinoids, misleadingly labeled safe.

334
Q

Addictive Substances

A

Drugs that create dependence and withdrawal symptoms.

335
Q

Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome

A

Condition causing nausea and vomiting in chronic users.

336
Q

Acute Episodes

A

Short-term occurrences of symptoms lasting days.

337
Q

Hot Shower Relief

A

Temporary symptom relief for cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome.

338
Q

Cyclic Vomiting

A

Recurrent vomiting pattern over extended periods.

339
Q

Periumbilical Pain

A

Abdominal pain around the navel area.

340
Q

Emergency Care

A

Supportive treatment for patients under drug influence.

341
Q

Tachycardia

A

Rapid heart rate often associated with drug use.

342
Q

Adverse Effects

A

Negative reactions from drug use, including anxiety.

343
Q

Violent Behavior

A

Aggressive actions potentially linked to drug effects.

344
Q

Suicidal Thoughts

A

Mental health risks associated with synthetic cannabinoids.

345
Q

Dehydration Risks

A

Fluid loss from vomiting and hot baths.

346
Q

Acute Renal Failure

A

Kidney failure risk from untreated hyperemesis syndrome.

347
Q

Overdose

A

Excessive intake of medication, intentional or accidental.

348
Q

Intentional Overdose

A

Overdose aimed at suicide or drug effect.

349
Q

Accidental Overdose

A

Unintentional excessive medication intake due to misunderstanding.

350
Q

Synergistic Drug Interaction

A

Enhanced effects from combining multiple medications.

351
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers

A

Medications that prevent calcium from entering cells.

352
Q

Beta Blockers

A

Drugs that reduce heart rate and blood pressure.

353
Q

Cardioactive Steroids

A

Steroids affecting heart function and rhythm.

354
Q

ACE Inhibitors

A

Medications that relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure.

355
Q

Anti-dysrhythmics

A

Drugs used to treat abnormal heart rhythms.

356
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Sedatives used for anxiety and sleep disorders.

357
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)

A

Older class of antidepressants with sedative effects.

358
Q

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

A

Antidepressants that increase serotonin levels.

359
Q

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

A

Antidepressants that inhibit monoamine oxidase enzyme.

360
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Common pain reliever, potential for liver toxicity.

361
Q

NSAIDs

A

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain relief.

362
Q

Antihistamines

A

Drugs that relieve allergy symptoms.

363
Q

Herbal Remedies

A

Natural substances used for medicinal purposes.

364
Q

Dietary Supplements

A

Products taken to enhance diet and health.

365
Q

Hypotension

A

Lower than normal blood pressure.

366
Q

Huffing

A

Inhaling substances for psychoactive effects.

367
Q

Toluene

A

Chemical commonly used in huffing, found in solvents.

368
Q

Hypoxia

A

Deficiency in oxygen reaching tissues.

369
Q

Emergency Care Protocol

A

Guidelines for managing poisoning and overdose cases.

370
Q

Toxidrome

A

Clinical syndrome associated with specific toxin exposure.

371
Q

Decontamination

A

Process of removing toxins from the body.