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EMT > Chapter 22 Part 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Part 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Abnormal breath odors

A

Unusual smells indicating possible poisoning or exposure.

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2
Q

Inhalation

A

Breathing in harmful substances or gases.

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3
Q

Nausea

A

Feeling of sickness with an urge to vomit.

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4
Q

Vomiting

A

Expelling stomach contents through the mouth.

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5
Q

Diarrhea

A

Frequent, watery bowel movements.

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6
Q

Altered mental status

A

Changes in consciousness or cognitive function.

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7
Q

Abnormal skin color

A

Changes in skin hue indicating health issues.

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8
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficulty or labored breathing.

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9
Q

Seizures

A

Sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain.

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10
Q

Burns to the respiratory tract

A

Injury to airways from inhaled hot gases.

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11
Q

Stridor

A

High-pitched wheezing indicating airway obstruction.

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12
Q

Sooty sputum

A

Dark, black mucus indicating smoke inhalation.

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13
Q

Known exposure to toxic gas

A

Previous contact with harmful airborne substances.

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14
Q

Respiratory depression

A

Decreased breathing rate and effort.

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15
Q

Sweating

A

Excessive perspiration often due to stress or toxins.

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16
Q

Tearing

A

Excessive production of tears, often from irritation.

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17
Q

Constricted pupils

A

Narrowed pupils often linked to opioid use.

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18
Q

Dizziness

A

Feeling lightheaded or unsteady.

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19
Q

Injection site reactions

A

Local pain, redness, and swelling from injections.

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20
Q

Metallic taste

A

Unpleasant flavor often associated with poisoning.

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21
Q

Anticholinergic toxidrome

A

Symptoms include flushed skin, dry mouth, and tachycardia.

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22
Q

Cholinergic toxidrome (DUMBELS)

A

Signs include diarrhea, urination, and muscle weakness.

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23
Q

Opioid toxidrome

A

Characterized by respiratory depression and pinpoint pupils.

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24
Q

Sedative hypnotic toxidrome

A

CNS depression with ataxia and slurred speech.

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25
Q

Stimulant toxidrome

A

Symptoms include tachycardia, hypertension, and hyperthermia.

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26
Q

Serotonin Syndrome

A

Presentation with agitation, hyperreflexia, and tremors.

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27
Q

Patient management assessment

A

Steps to ensure safety and evaluate patient condition.

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28
Q

Carboxyhemoglobin assessment

A

Measurement of carbon monoxide levels in blood.

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29
Q

Ingestion History

A

Details of substance intake before ED arrival.

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30
Q

Route of Exposure

A

Method by which a toxin enters the body.

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31
Q

Quantity of Medication

A

Amount of substance ingested or exposed.

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32
Q

Alcohol Intoxication

A

Consumption of alcoholic beverages affecting consciousness.

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33
Q

Cardiovascular History

A

Patient’s past heart-related medical conditions.

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34
Q

Needle Marks

A

Signs of intravenous drug use or injections.

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35
Q

Paraphernalia

A

Items associated with drug use or abuse.

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36
Q

Physical Examination

A

Comprehensive assessment of patient’s physical condition.

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37
Q

Patent Airway

A

Open airway ensuring unobstructed breathing.

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38
Q

Oxygen Saturation Target

A

Goal to maintain adequate oxygen levels.

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39
Q

Fluid Bolus

A

Rapid infusion of fluids to improve circulation.

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40
Q

Activated Charcoal

A

Substance used to absorb toxins in overdose cases.

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41
Q

Acetaminophen Overdose

A

Excessive intake of pain reliever causing toxicity.

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42
Q

Benzodiazepine Overdose

A

Excessive intake of anxiety medications requiring support.

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43
Q

Caustic Substances

A

Harmful chemicals causing burns or injury upon contact.

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44
Q

Opiate Overdose

A

Excessive intake of opioids requiring specific treatment.

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45
Q

SSRIs

A

Medications affecting serotonin levels, potential overdose risks.

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46
Q

TCA Overdose

A

Excessive intake of tricyclic antidepressants affecting heart.

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47
Q

Environmental Safety

A

Ensuring safe surroundings for patient and clinician.

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48
Q

Vital Signs Monitoring

A

Regular checks of heart rate, blood pressure, etc.

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49
Q

Regional Poison Center

A

Resource for managing toxic exposures and outcomes.

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50
Q

Seizures Guideline

A

Protocol for managing seizure activity in patients.

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51
Q

Poison Control Centers

A

National toll-free resource for poison advice.

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52
Q

Activated Charcoal

A

Adjunct treatment for certain poisonings.

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53
Q

Ipecac

A

Not recommended for poisoning; production stopped.

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54
Q

COVID-19 Pandemic

A

Highlighted EMS role in public health.

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55
Q

Hepatitis B

A

Liver virus transmitted through blood and fluids.

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56
Q

Chronic Carrier

A

Asymptomatic individual spreading hepatitis B.

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57
Q

Signs of Hepatitis B

A

Symptoms include fatigue, jaundice, dark urine.

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58
Q

Protective Gloves

A

Worn to prevent blood exposure in EMS.

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59
Q

Vaccination Requirement

A

OSHA mandates hepatitis B vaccination for EMS.

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60
Q

Soiled Refuse Disposal

A

Double-bag and seal according to protocol.

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61
Q

Hepatitis B Exposure Protocol

A

Report incidents and follow exposure policies.

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62
Q

HBIG Injection

A

Post-exposure treatment for hepatitis B.

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63
Q

Hepatitis C

A

Most common bloodborne infection in the U.S.

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64
Q

Occupational Exposure Risk

A

Low for hepatitis C via needlestick.

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65
Q

Symptoms of Hepatitis C

A

Includes jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain.

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66
Q

Standard Precautions

A

Essential for handling body fluids in EMS.

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67
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Resurgent infectious disease requiring caution.

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68
Q

Infectious Disease Awareness

A

Critical for EMTs during patient care.

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69
Q

Emergency Personnel Testing

A

Recommended after potential hepatitis C exposure.

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70
Q

Bloodborne Infection

A

Pathogen transmitted through blood contact.

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71
Q

Entrohepatic Poisoning

A

Involves toxins recirculating through the liver.

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72
Q

Aspiration Risk

A

Potential danger during activated charcoal administration.

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73
Q

Public Health Role of EMS

A

Involvement in vaccination and patient transport.

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74
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Bacterial infection primarily affecting lungs.

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75
Q

Drug-resistant strains

A

Bacteria that resist standard antibiotic treatments.

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76
Q

Transmission

A

Spread through droplets from cough or sputum.

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77
Q

Vulnerable populations

A

Groups at higher risk for infection.

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78
Q

Signs of tuberculosis

A

Fever, cough, night sweats, weight loss.

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79
Q

HEPA respirators

A

High-efficiency masks for airborne pathogen protection.

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80
Q

Protective gloves

A

Disposable gloves to prevent contact with fluids.

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81
Q

Artificial ventilation

A

Emergency breathing support using approved equipment.

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82
Q

Tuberculocidal agent

A

Disinfectant effective against tuberculosis bacteria.

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83
Q

HIV

A

Virus causing Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.

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84
Q

AIDS

A

Syndrome from HIV leading to immune system failure.

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85
Q

Modes of HIV transmission

A

Sexual contact, needles, blood products, mother-child.

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86
Q

Opportunistic infections

A

Infections exploiting weakened immune systems.

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87
Q

Symptoms of AIDS

A

Fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue.

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88
Q

Standard Precautions

A

Infection control practices to reduce transmission risk.

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89
Q

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

A

Respiratory virus outbreak identified in 2003.

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90
Q

SARS-COV-2

A

Variant of SARS virus causing recent outbreaks.

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91
Q

West Nile Virus (WNV)

A

Mosquito-borne virus primarily from infected birds.

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92
Q

Symptoms of WNV

A

Most infected individuals show no symptoms.

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93
Q

Occupational exposure

A

Risk of infection through work-related activities.

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94
Q

Infected sputum

A

Mucus containing pathogens from an infected individual.

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95
Q

Lymph glands

A

Swollen glands indicating infection or immune response.

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96
Q

West Nile Virus (WNV)

A

Virus causing mild to severe neurological symptoms.

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97
Q

Severe Symptoms of WNV

A

Include high fever, seizures, paralysis, and confusion.

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98
Q

Mild Symptoms of WNV

A

Include fever, headache, nausea, and skin rash.

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99
Q

Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)

A

Viral hemorrhagic fever with high fatality rates.

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100
Q

Symptoms of EVD

A

Include high fever, severe headache, and hemorrhage.

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101
Q

Transmission of EVD

A

Through blood and body fluids of infected individuals.

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102
Q

Zika Virus Disease (ZVD)

A

Mosquito-borne virus causing mild symptoms and birth defects.

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103
Q

Symptoms of ZVD

A

Include fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis.

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104
Q

Zika Transmission

A

Can occur through mosquito bites and sexual contact.

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105
Q

Multidrug-Resistant Organisms

A

Pathogens resistant to standard antimicrobial treatments.

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106
Q

Standard Precautions

A

Infection control practices to prevent disease transmission.

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107
Q

EVD Outbreaks

A

Occur primarily in Africa with high mortality risks.

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108
Q

Zika Virus Spread

A

Expanded to Americas since 2015, affecting pregnant women.

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109
Q

Duration of WNV Symptoms

A

Severe symptoms may last weeks; mild symptoms days.

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110
Q

EVD Symptom Onset

A

Symptoms appear days after exposure to the virus.

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111
Q

ZVD Symptom Resolution

A

Symptoms generally resolve within days in healthy individuals.

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112
Q

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

A

Specialized gear for protection against infectious diseases.

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113
Q

Mosquito Bite Risk

A

Primary transmission route for WNV and Zika.

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114
Q

Fatalities from EVD

A

2014 outbreak had estimated thousands of deaths.

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115
Q

Zika Prevention

A

Avoid mosquito bites and sexual contact with infected.

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116
Q

EVD in North America

A

No reported cases as of current writing.

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117
Q

Chronic Wound Patients

A

At risk for multidrug-resistant organisms exposure.

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118
Q

Healthcare Facility Risks

A

Higher likelihood of encountering resistant pathogens.

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119
Q

MRSA

A

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, antibiotic-resistant pathogen.

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120
Q

VRE

A

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci, resistant to vancomycin antibiotic.

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121
Q

PRSP

A

Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, resistant to penicillin.

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122
Q

DRSP

A

Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, resistant to multiple drugs.

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123
Q

MDR TB

A

Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis, resistant to first-line drugs.

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124
Q

XDR TB

A

Extensively drug-resistant Tuberculosis, resistant to second-line drugs.

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125
Q

Colistin-resistant E. coli

A

Escherichia coli resistant to colistin antibiotic.

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126
Q

Infection types

A

Includes pneumonia, blood, ear, sinus, skin infections.

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127
Q

Transmission methods

A

Direct contact or respiratory droplets spread infections.

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128
Q

Standard Precautions

A

Basic infection control practices for healthcare providers.

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129
Q

Hand-washing procedures

A

Essential hygiene practice to prevent infection spread.

130
Q

Novel pathogens

A

Newly identified pathogens causing emerging infectious diseases.

131
Q

Travel history importance

A

Recent travel can indicate potential novel infections.

132
Q

COVID-19 impact

A

Significantly affected EMS providers during the pandemic.

133
Q

SARS-CoV-2

A

Virus responsible for COVID-19 infection.

134
Q

Asymptomatic patients

A

Patients showing no symptoms but may carry virus.

135
Q

Long-term care facilities

A

Higher rates of COVID-19 infections observed here.

136
Q

Vaccination recommendations

A

Comirnaty and Spikevax vaccines are FDA approved.

137
Q

Vaccine effectiveness

A

Reduces hospitalization and mortality from COVID-19.

138
Q

Emerging variants

A

New virus variants may limit vaccine protection.

139
Q

Pathophysiology of COVID-19

A

Ongoing research into disease mechanisms and effects.

140
Q

Differential diagnosis

A

Process of distinguishing between different diseases.

141
Q

Personal protective equipment

A

Gear used to protect EMS providers from infection.

142
Q

Hypoxia

A

Deficiency of oxygen in the body tissues.

143
Q

Pulmonary System

A

Body system responsible for gas exchange.

144
Q

EMS Provider

A

Emergency Medical Services professional assisting patients.

145
Q

Oxygenation

A

Process of providing oxygen to the body.

146
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Low oxygen levels in the blood.

147
Q

Virus Particle

A

Non-living entity that requires a host cell.

148
Q

Virion

A

Infectious virus particle with nucleic acid and protein.

149
Q

RNA Virus

A

Virus containing ribonucleic acid as genetic material.

150
Q

DNA Virus

A

Virus containing deoxyribonucleic acid as genetic material.

151
Q

Capsid

A

Protein shell enclosing viral genetic material.

152
Q

Envelope

A

Lipid layer derived from host cell membranes.

153
Q

Budding

A

Process where virus exits cell without lysing it.

154
Q

Lysis

A

Destruction of a cell to release viruses.

155
Q

Respiratory Droplets

A

Tiny liquid particles expelled during breathing.

156
Q

Mucous Membrane

A

Tissue lining body cavities, entry point for viruses.

157
Q

SARS-CoV-2

A

Novel coronavirus responsible for COVID-19.

158
Q

COVID-19

A

Disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection.

159
Q

Pandemic

A

Global outbreak of a disease.

160
Q

Social Distancing

A

Maintaining physical space to prevent virus spread.

161
Q

Hand Washing

A

Critical hygiene practice to remove viruses.

162
Q

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

A

Gear worn to protect against infection.

163
Q

Infection Process

A

Virus invades, replicates, and spreads to new cells.

164
Q

Viral Genome

A

Genetic material directing virus replication.

165
Q

Infectious Disease

A

Illness caused by pathogenic microorganisms.

166
Q

Pandemic

A

Illness affecting large populations globally.

167
Q

COVID-19

A

Viral infection causing severe respiratory complications.

168
Q

Hypoxia

A

Deficiency of oxygen in tissues.

169
Q

Pathophysiologic Mechanisms

A

Processes leading to disease symptoms.

170
Q

Viral Invasion

A

Initial entry of virus into host cells.

171
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Proteins on virus surface aiding infection.

172
Q

Spike Protein

A

Viral protein binding to ACE receptors.

173
Q

ACE Receptor

A

Entry point for COVID-19 virus.

174
Q

Respiratory Droplets

A

Virus-laden droplets entering respiratory tract.

175
Q

Cell Membrane Fusion

A

Process allowing virus entry into host cell.

176
Q

Nucleocapsid

A

Viral RNA and proteins inside the virus.

177
Q

RNA Replication

A

Process of duplicating viral genetic material.

178
Q

Vesicles

A

Transporters for newly formed viral particles.

179
Q

Pyroptosis

A

Programmed cell death after viral infection.

180
Q

Proinflammatory Cytokines

A

Proteins signaling inflammation during immune response.

181
Q

Chemokines

A

Cytokines that attract immune cells to infection.

182
Q

Dendritic Cells

A

Immune cells engulfing and presenting virus.

183
Q

Cytokine Storm

A

Excessive cytokine release causing severe inflammation.

184
Q

Hypercytokinemia

A

Uncontrolled cytokine release during immune response.

185
Q

Pulmonary Capillary Permeability

A

Increased fluid leakage from lung capillaries.

186
Q

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

A

Severe lung condition from fluid accumulation.

187
Q

Thrombosis

A

Clot formation linked to inflammation.

188
Q

Multisystem Organ Failure

A

Failure of multiple organ systems due to infection.

189
Q

Abnormal clot formation

A

Clots forming inappropriately during COVID-19 infection.

190
Q

Microvascular injury

A

Damage to small blood vessels in severe cases.

191
Q

Pulmonary system

A

Primary respiratory system affected by COVID-19.

192
Q

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A

Severe lung condition causing poor gas exchange.

193
Q

Capillary permeability

A

Increased leakage in pulmonary capillaries during inflammation.

194
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood.

195
Q

Cellular ischemia

A

Insufficient blood supply leading to cell dysfunction.

196
Q

Anaerobic metabolism

A

Energy production without oxygen, yielding lactic acid.

197
Q

Sodium-potassium pump

A

Cellular mechanism maintaining ion balance using ATP.

198
Q

Lactic acid

A

Byproduct of anaerobic metabolism causing cellular damage.

199
Q

Cardiovascular effects

A

Impact of COVID-19 on heart and blood vessels.

200
Q

Microemboli

A

Small clots obstructing blood flow in circulation.

201
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Heart attack due to insufficient blood supply.

202
Q

Cardiac cell ischemia

A

Reduced blood flow causing heart muscle damage.

203
Q

Organ failure

A

Loss of function in vital organs due to clotting.

204
Q

Kidney injury

A

Damage to kidneys observed in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

205
Q

Inflammatory response

A

Body’s reaction causing tissue damage in severe cases.

206
Q

Pneumonia

A

Lung infection that may develop from COVID-19.

207
Q

Gas exchange

A

Process of oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer in lungs.

208
Q

Fluid buildup

A

Accumulation of fluid in alveoli affecting gas exchange.

209
Q

Critical ATP production

A

Essential energy generation for cell survival.

210
Q

Acid-base balance

A

Homeostasis of pH levels disrupted by carbonic acid.

211
Q

Kidney Damage Causes

A

Linked to blood clots and hypoxemia.

212
Q

Clinical Stages of COVID-19

A

Divided into three phases for severity assessment.

213
Q

Stage 1

A

Asymptomatic; virus replicates in nasal cavity.

214
Q

Stage 2

A

Virus spreads to respiratory tract; immune response triggered.

215
Q

Stage 3

A

Severe symptoms; alveolar damage and ARDS develop.

216
Q

ARDS

A

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; severe lung condition.

217
Q

Viral Replication

A

Virus invades cells and multiplies.

218
Q

Nasal Swabs

A

Preferred testing method; more sensitive than throat swabs.

219
Q

Infection Spread

A

Occurs through droplets from infected individuals.

220
Q

Droplet Transmission

A

Virus-laden droplets inhaled or contact mucous membranes.

221
Q

Close Contact Risk

A

Increased infection likelihood within 6 feet.

222
Q

Direct Contact Transmission

A

Touching contaminated surfaces then face.

223
Q

Delta Variant

A

More contagious than original COVID-19 strain.

224
Q

Incubation Period

A

Time from exposure to symptom onset; 2-14 days.

225
Q

Upper Respiratory Symptoms

A

Signs related to inflammation in upper airways.

226
Q

Lower Airway Infection

A

Virus infects lower respiratory tract and alveoli.

227
Q

Immune Response

A

Body’s defense mechanism against infections.

228
Q

Alveolar Damage

A

Injury to lung tissue affecting gas exchange.

229
Q

Scarring of Lung Tissue

A

Occurs during repair of damaged alveolar cells.

230
Q

Respiratory Droplets

A

Small particles expelled during breathing or coughing.

231
Q

Mucous Membranes

A

Tissues in eyes, nose, and mouth allowing virus entry.

232
Q

CDC Variants Analogy

A

Describes virus changes using a tree analogy.

233
Q

Variants of COVID-19

A

Different strains evolving from the original virus.

234
Q

Alpha variant

A

First identified in the UK, spreads faster.

235
Q

Beta variant

A

First identified in South Africa, less severe illness.

236
Q

Gamma variant

A

First identified in Japan and Brazil, spreads faster.

237
Q

Delta variant

A

First identified in India, causes severe illness.

238
Q

Mu variant

A

First identified in Colombia, vaccine resistance concerns.

239
Q

Omicron variant

A

First identified in November 2021, bypasses vaccine immunity.

240
Q

PCR testing

A

Current method to identify COVID-19 variants.

241
Q

Vaccine effectiveness

A

Current vaccines reduce severity and spread of variants.

242
Q

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome

A

Serious condition linked to COVID-19 infection.

243
Q

MIS-C

A

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in children under 21.

244
Q

MIS-A

A

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in adults over 21.

245
Q

Signs and symptoms

A

Evolving indicators associated with COVID-19 variants.

246
Q

Therapeutics

A

Treatments used to combat COVID-19 variants.

247
Q

Variants of concern

A

Variants monitored for spread and severity.

248
Q

Infectiousness

A

How easily a variant spreads among populations.

249
Q

Severity of illness

A

Impact of a variant on health outcomes.

250
Q

Monoclonal antibodies

A

Targeted treatments, less effective against some variants.

251
Q

Hospitalization rates

A

Frequency of patients requiring hospital care due to variants.

252
Q

Global monitoring

A

Ongoing observation of emerging COVID-19 variants.

253
Q

Sub-variants

A

New strains derived from predominant variants.

254
Q

Inflammation

A

Body’s response causing swelling in MIS.

255
Q

Epidemiology

A

Study of how variants spread in populations.

256
Q

MIS-A

A

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults.

257
Q

MIS-C

A

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.

258
Q

Fever

A

Elevated body temperature, often indicating infection.

259
Q

Abdominal pain

A

Discomfort or pain in the stomach area.

260
Q

Bloodshot eyes

A

Redness in the sclera of the eyes.

261
Q

Chest pain

A

Discomfort or pain in the chest region.

262
Q

Diarrhea

A

Frequent, loose, or watery bowel movements.

263
Q

Severe fatigue

A

Extreme tiredness affecting daily activities.

264
Q

Headache

A

Pain in the head or neck region.

265
Q

Hypotension

A

Abnormally low blood pressure.

266
Q

Neck pain

A

Discomfort or pain in the neck area.

267
Q

Rash

A

Skin eruption or irritation.

268
Q

Vomiting

A

Expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth.

269
Q

Reinfection

A

Becoming infected again after recovery.

270
Q

Post-COVID conditions

A

Ongoing symptoms after initial COVID-19 infection.

271
Q

Long COVID

A

Chronic symptoms following COVID-19 recovery.

272
Q

Brain fog

A

Cognitive impairment affecting memory and focus.

273
Q

Palpitations

A

Irregular or rapid heartbeats.

274
Q

Joint pain

A

Discomfort in the joints.

275
Q

Chronic lung disease

A

Long-term respiratory conditions like COPD.

276
Q

Diabetes

A

Chronic condition affecting blood sugar regulation.

277
Q

High-risk conditions

A

Medical factors increasing severe illness risk.

278
Q

Severe obesity

A

BMI of 30 or above, affects pulmonary function.

279
Q

ARDS

A

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, complicates gas exchange.

280
Q

Older adults

A

Individuals aged 65 years or older, immune-compromised.

281
Q

Chronic illnesses

A

Long-term health conditions complicating recovery.

282
Q

Long-term care facility residents

A

Elderly or chronically ill, high disease transmission risk.

283
Q

Liver disease

A

Chronic conditions like cirrhosis, increases infection risk.

284
Q

Immunocompromised

A

Weakened immune system due to various conditions.

285
Q

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

A

Gear to protect against infectious disease exposure.

286
Q

CDC recommendations

A

Guidelines for PPE use in EMS settings.

287
Q

N95 mask

A

High-level face mask, protects against airborne pathogens.

288
Q

Eye protection

A

Goggles or face shields to prevent droplet exposure.

289
Q

Disposable gloves

A

Single-use gloves to prevent contamination.

290
Q

Gown

A

Protective clothing, especially during aerosolized treatments.

291
Q

Infectious diseases

A

Diseases spread through pathogens like HIV, hepatitis.

292
Q

Vaccination

A

Immunization against common infectious diseases.

293
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Low oxygen levels in the blood, common in older adults.

294
Q

Pulmonary function

A

Lung capacity and efficiency, declines with age.

295
Q

Cardiac function

A

Heart efficiency, often decreases in older adults.

296
Q

Morbidity

A

Incidence of disease or complications in patients.

297
Q

Mortality

A

Rate of death in a specific population.

298
Q

Sanitizer

A

Alcohol-based solution for hand hygiene.

299
Q

Contamination

A

Unwanted presence of pathogens on surfaces or skin.

300
Q

Respiratory droplets

A

Tiny droplets expelled during breathing or speaking.

301
Q

PPE

A

Personal protective equipment to prevent infection spread.

302
Q

Hand hygiene

A

Thorough washing with soap for minimum effectiveness.

303
Q

Aerosol-generating procedures

A

Treatments that produce airborne particles.

304
Q

Bag-valve mask (BVM)

A

Device used for ventilation during emergencies.

305
Q

Oropharyngeal suctioning

A

Clearing airway by suctioning the throat.

306
Q

Endotracheal suctioning

A

Suctioning within the trachea to clear secretions.

307
Q

Small-volume nebulizer

A

Device delivering medication in aerosol form.

308
Q

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

A

Machine providing constant airflow to keep airways open.

309
Q

Bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP)

A

Device offering two levels of pressure for breathing.

310
Q

Endotracheal intubation

A

Inserting a tube into the trachea for ventilation.

311
Q

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

Emergency procedure to restore breathing and circulation.

312
Q

HEPA-equipped HVAC

A

High-efficiency particulate air system for air filtration.

313
Q

N95 mask

A

Respirator providing a higher level of filtration.

314
Q

Vaccination

A

Process of administering a vaccine to induce immunity.

315
Q

FDA-approved vaccines

A

Vaccines authorized for public use by the FDA.

316
Q

Emergency Use Authorization (EUA)

A

Temporary approval for vaccines during public health emergencies.

317
Q

Comirnaty

A

Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.

318
Q

Spikevax

A

Moderna COVID-19 vaccine.

319
Q

Janssen vaccine

A

Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine under EUA.

320
Q

mRNA vaccine

A

Vaccine using messenger RNA to instruct cells.

321
Q

Protein subunit vaccine

A

Vaccine using harmless virus proteins for immunity.

322
Q

Viral vector vaccine

A

Vaccine using modified virus to deliver COVID-19 material.

EMT (13 decks)

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