Chapter 22 Part 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Poison
A
Any substance—liquid
2
Q
Toxicology
A
The study of toxins
3
Q
Toxin
A
A drug or substance that is poisonous to a human and causes certain adverse effects that can potentially lead to death.
4
Q
Overdose
A
A poisoning in which the patient has been exposed to an excessive dose of a drug.
5
Q
Substance Abuse
A
The inappropriate use of a substance or medication.
6
Q
Ingestion
A
A route by which a drug or substance can be swallowed with absorption occurring through the gastrointestinal tract.
7
Q
Inhalation
A
Breathing a poison—typically a gas
8
Q
Injection
A
A route by which a poison can be injected under the skin
9
Q
Pulmonary Edema
A
Fluid leaking around and into the alveoli
10
Q
Bronchospasm
A
Contraction of the muscles in the bronchi and bronchioles
11
Q
Local Reaction
A
A reaction to a poison that typically causes edema (swelling) at the site of injection
12
Q
Systemic Reaction
A
A reaction that can occur from injection of a poison
13
Q
Accidental Poisoning
A
Poisonings that are unintentional and often involve young children.
14
Q
Household Chemicals
A
Substances that are most often involved in unintentional or accidental poisonings.
15
Q
Homicide
A
Intentional poisonings that result in the death of another person.
16
Q
Suicide
A
Intentional poisonings that result in the death of the individual.
17
Q
Gastrointestinal Tract
A
The system in the body through which ingested substances are absorbed
18
Q
Alveoli
A
Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs
19
Q
Edema
A
Swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body’s tissues.
20
Q
Signs and Symptoms
A
Indicators of poisoning that can vary based on the route of exposure and type of poison.
21
Q
Respiratory Distress
A
Severe difficulty in breathing that can indicate the presence of an inhaled poison.
22
Q
Delayed Effect
A
A situation where the signs and symptoms of poisoning may not present for several hours after exposure.
23
Q
Acid Poisoning
A
Poisoning caused by contact with strong acids
24
Q
Injection Poisonings
A
Poisonings that can result from drug use or from bites and stings.
25
Hymenoptera
An order of insects that includes bees
26
Anaphylactic Reaction
The most severe type of allergic reaction that can result from injection of venom.
27
Absorption
The process by which a poisonous substance can enter the body when it contacts the skin or mucous membranes.
28
Severe Absorption Poisoning
Results from pesticides and other lethal substances that contact the skin.
29
Organophosphates
Commonly found in certain pesticides
30
Toxidromes
Signs and symptoms of poisoning that depend on the specific poison and the route of entry into the body.
31
Bradycardia
A condition that might occur from poisoning
32
Tachycardia
A condition that might occur from poisoning
33
Tachypnea
A condition that might occur from poisoning
34
Hypotension
A condition that might occur from poisoning
35
Hypertension
A condition that might occur from poisoning
36
Corrosive Poison
A type of poison that can cause burns to the lips and inside the mouth.
37
Patent Airway
An airway that is open and unobstructed
38
Positive Pressure Ventilation
A method provided for inadequate breathing to maintain adequate oxygenation.
39
Lateral Recumbent Position
The position in which a patient is placed to closely monitor the airway after ingestion of poison.
40
Mental Status Deterioration
A sudden decrease in mental status that can indicate rapid patient deterioration.
41
Emergency Care
Supportive care that must be established and maintained regardless of the poison or route.
42
Reassessments
Necessary actions to monitor the breathing status and prepare to ventilate if necessary.
43
Vomiting
A common occurrence in persons poisoned by ingestion
44
Aspiration of vomitus
The act of inhaling vomit into the lungs
45
Antidote
A substance that neutralizes the effects of the poison or toxic substance.
46
True antidotes
Antidotes that are available for only a small number of poisons.
47
Treatment of poisons
Generally limits or prevents the absorption of the poison and manages any other signs and symptoms.
48
Supportive care
Care that supports the airway
49
ALS unit
An Advanced Life Support unit that can have medications to reverse the effects of certain toxins.
50
Naloxone (Narcan)
A drug that can reverse the effects of a narcotic (opioid) overdose.
51
Ingested poison
A poison that is swallowed and enters the gastrointestinal system.
52
Absorption of poison
Most of the absorption occurs in the small intestine
53
Common causes of accidental ingestion
Taking too much prescribed medication
54
Poisonous plants
Common household and backyard plants that can cause poisoning
55
Scene size-up
The process of observing clues indicating an ingested poisoning during the assessment.
56
Primary assessment
A vital step in managing the poisoned patient that can provide clues about the time since ingestion.
57
Altered mental status
A change in mental state that indicates the poison is absorbed into the bloodstream and having systemic effects.
58
Common poisonous substances
Prescription medications
59
Poisonous mushrooms
A high number of poisonings result from eating wild mushrooms.
60
Signs of poisoning
Clues such as overturned medicine bottles
61
Gastrointestinal system
The system that ingests poisons
62
Time since ingestion
Determining this can change the treatment the patient receives.
63
Poisoning emergencies
Commonly occur due to accidental ingestion
64
Household products
Common items that can be poisonous
65
Positioning and suctioning
Methods to prevent aspiration of vomitus in a poisoned patient.
66
Monitoring of airway
Close observation of the airway to prevent complications in a poisoned patient.
67
Alert and Oriented
Indication that the poison has not yet been absorbed in a large quantity or that a large quantity was not ingested by the patient.
68
Altered Mental Status
A condition that necessitates opening and clearing the airway.
69
Lateral Recumbent Position
Position to reduce the possibility of aspiration in a patient with altered mental status.
70
Oropharyngeal Airway
Device that may need to be inserted to effectively ventilate a poisoned patient.
71
Nasopharyngeal Airway
Another device that may be inserted to effectively ventilate a poisoned patient.
72
Inadequate Breathing
A condition that requires assessment of respiratory rate and quality.
73
Positive Pressure Ventilation
Intervention provided with a bag-valve mask or other ventilation device if respiratory rate or depth is inadequate.
74
Hypoxia
Condition that may require administration of oxygen via a nasal cannula.
75
Hypoxemia
Condition that may require administration of oxygen via a nasal cannula.
76
Poor Perfusion
Condition that may require administration of oxygen via a nasal cannula.
77
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Protocol
Action to proceed with if the pulse is absent.
78
Secondary Assessment
Most information about an ingested poisoning is obtained during this phase.
79
Common Poisons in Children
Plants
80
Pupils and Skin Condition
Two extremely important areas to examine during the assessment of a poisoning patient.
81
Liquid Acid Ingestion
Likely to cause more severe tissue damage to the stomach lining than to the esophagus.
82
Ingested Alkali Substances
Cause more severe damage compared to liquid acids.
83
Patient History
Information that is crucial for managing a poisoning patient but may be difficult to obtain accurately.
84
Intentional Overdose
A scenario where the patient may be misinformed or trying to deceive regarding their history.
85
Accidental Death Cause in Children
Poisoning is the number one cause.
86
Respiratory Drive Depression
Many poisons can lead to this condition
87
Chest Rise and Fall Monitoring
Important to closely monitor in a poisoned patient.
88
Skin Temperature
Color
89
Substance Ingestion
The act of taking in a substance
90
Alcohol Ingestion
The consumption of alcohol with a substance
91
Time of Ingestion
The timing of when the patient ingested the poison
92
Duration of Exposure
The span over which the substance was ingested or the patient was exposed
93
Amount of Substance Taken
The quantity of the substance ingested
94
Previous Treatment Attempts
Any prior attempts to treat the poisoning
95
Psychiatric History
The patient's mental health background that may suggest a possible suicide attempt.
96
Underlying Medical Conditions
Existing health issues
97
Patient Weight
The patient's weight
98
Available Medications
Medications present in the house that could indicate the source of poisoning.
99
Physical Exam
An assessment of the patient's body systems and areas of complaint to identify abnormalities.
100
Vital Signs
Measurements of physiological functions that have limited role in assessing poisoning severity.
101
Signs and Symptoms of Poisoning
Indicators of poisoning that can vary based on the ingested substance.
102
History of Ingestion
Documentation of the patient's past consumption of substances.
103
Swelling of Mucosal Membranes
Inflammation in the mouth caused by caustic substances.
104
Nausea
A feeling of sickness with an inclination to vomit.
105
Vomiting
The act of expelling the contents of the stomach through the mouth.
106
Diarrhea
Frequent and watery bowel movements
107
Altered Mental Status
Changes in consciousness or cognitive function due to poisoning.
108
Abdominal Pain
Discomfort in the abdominal area
109
Burns or Stains Around the Mouth
Injuries or discoloration around the mouth caused by corrosive poisons.
110
Unusual Breath Odors
Distinct smells on the breath that can indicate specific ingested toxins.
111
Toxin
Odor
112
Hydrogen sulfide
Rotten eggs
113
Naphthalene
camphor
114
Cyanide
Bitter almonds
115
Acetone
isopropanol
116
Organophosphates
Garlic
117
Petroleum distillates
Gasoline
118
Chloral hydrate
Pears
119
Methyl salicylate
Mint
120
Phosgene
Fresh mowed hay
121
Respiratory distress
A condition indicating difficulty in breathing.
122
Altered heart rate
Tachycardia or bradycardia.
123
Altered blood pressure
Hypertension or hypotension.
124
Dilated or constricted pupils
Changes in pupil size indicating possible poisoning.
125
Warm and dry or cool and moist skin
Skin condition changes that may indicate poisoning.
126
Seizures
Sudden
127
Activated Charcoal
A medication occasionally used in the emergency medical care of ingested poisonings.
128
Oropharyngeal airway
A device used to maintain an open airway.
129
Nasopharyngeal airway
A device used to maintain an open airway in unresponsive patients.
130
Positive pressure ventilation
Ventilation method using a bag-valve-mask with supplemental oxygen.
131
Nasal cannula
A device used to deliver supplemental oxygen.
132
Lateral recumbent position
A position to place a patient to prevent aspiration in case of vomiting.
133
Reassessment
The process of evaluating a patient's condition after initial care.
134
Poison control center
A resource for information on managing poisonings.
135
Activated Charcoal
A special distilled charcoal that has been treated with superheated steam
136
Administration of Activated Charcoal
Should be administered as early as possible and only in specific cases approved by medical direction.
137
Indications for Activated Charcoal
May be used for a patient who has ingested poison by mouth
138
Contraindications for Activated Charcoal
Should not be administered to a patient who has an altered mental status
139
Dosage of Activated Charcoal
Unless directed otherwise
140
Usual Adult Dose of Activated Charcoal
The usual adult dose is 25-50 grams.
141
Usual Dose for Infants and Children of Activated Charcoal
The usual dose for infants and children is 0.5-1 gram per kilogram.
142
Forms of Activated Charcoal
Available as premixed in water or as a powder
143
Trade Names of Activated Charcoal
Some trade names include SuperChar
144
Efficacy of Activated Charcoal
It is intended to limit the amount of poison absorbed by the intestines due to its capability to adsorb poison while it is still in the stomach or proximal portion of the intestines.
145
Activated Charcoal Appearance
Activated charcoal looks like mud.
146
Patient Administration Tips
The patient may be more willing to drink it if it is not visible
147
Record Keeping
Record the time and the patient response after administering activated charcoal.
148
Repeat Dose Notification
If the patient vomits
149
Activated Charcoal Particle Size
Activated charcoal is produced to have a small particle size to increase its adsorptive properties.
150
Surface Area Comparison
A standard dose of activated charcoal has roughly the same surface area as football fields.
151
Laxative Agent in Activated Charcoal
Some activated charcoal products contain a laxative agent (cathartic) that helps speed it through the intestinal tract.
152
Medical Direction
Consult medical direction or the poison control center before administering activated charcoal to any patient.
153
Preparation of Activated Charcoal
Shake the container thoroughly; if too thick
154
Settling of Activated Charcoal
If the activated charcoal settles
155
Poison Control Center
Follow your protocol
156
Limited Use of Activated Charcoal
Due to its limited efficacy
157
Activated Charcoal
A substance that adsorbs poisons in the stomach
158
Effectiveness of Activated Charcoal
Decreased by milk
159
Common Side Effect of Activated Charcoal
Blackening of the stools.
160
Vomiting After Activated Charcoal Administration
If the patient vomits
161
Administration Precautions
Ensure the patient's airway and mental status are adequate to prevent aspiration.
162
Contraindications for Activated Charcoal
Do not administer to patients with altered mental status
163
Use of Activated Charcoal in Prehospital Environment
Use activated charcoal that has been premixed with water.
164
Common Brands of Activated Charcoal
Contain activated charcoal mixed with water in a plastic bottle.
165
Powdered Activated Charcoal
Must be mixed with water before administration; discouraged in the field due to preparation issues.
166
Inhaled Poisons
Toxic substances absorbed rapidly by the body
167
Common Inhaled Poisons
Include carbon monoxide
168
Huffers
Patients who inhale paints and propellants to achieve a high.
169
Effects of Inhaled Toxins
Can lead to hypoxia by displacing oxygen in the alveoli
170
Signs of Toxic Inhalation
Look for paint or other material on the lips or around the nose during the physical exam.
171
Activated Charcoal Administration Guidelines
Only administer based on medical direction and/or poison control center advice.
172
Activated Charcoal Absorption Limitations
Not effective for alcohol
173
Patient Positioning During Administration
Place the patient in a sitting or lateral recumbent position to prevent aspiration.
174
Reassessment During Administration
Check for abdominal pain or distress and watch for possible vomiting.
175
Premixed Activated Charcoal
Recommended for use in the prehospital environment.
176
Toxic Inhalation Prognosis
The longer the exposure without treatment
177
Common Sources of Inhaled Poisons
Include industrial sites
178
Anesthetic Gases
Include ether
179
Incomplete Combustion of Natural Gas
A source of inhaled poisons that can lead to toxic exposure.
180
Hydrogen Sulfide
Also known as sewer gas
181
Nitrogen Dioxide
A toxic gas that can be produced from fermented grain.
182
Commonly abused inhaled poisons
Paints
183
Onset of inhaled poisons
Inhaled poisons typically have a more immediate onset than injected poisons.
184
Effects of inhaled poisons
Inhaled poisons can destroy lung tissue
185
Damage caused by inhaled toxins
An inhaled toxin can directly damage the alveoli when inhaled
186
Signs and symptoms onset
Inhaled poisons often cause a rapid onset of signs and symptoms due to rapid absorption into the lungs and circulation.
187
Carbon monoxide poisoning presentation
Young children and the elderly typically present with signs and symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning before any other patients who have been exposed.
188
Scene size-up importance
Ensuring your safety is of prime importance during the scene size-up.
189
Peculiar odors and visible fumes
You should be acutely aware of peculiar odors or visible fumes during the scene size-up.
190
Odorless gases
Some gases
191
Self-contained breathing apparatus
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus before entering the scene if toxic fumes are present.
192
Hazardous materials rescue
If you are not properly equipped or trained for hazardous materials rescue
193
Assessing inhaled poison patients
Determine the number of persons at the scene who might have inhaled the poison; there are likely to be more patients than the one for whom EMS was originally called.
194
Patient removal from toxic environment
Have trained rescuers remove the patient from the toxic environment.
195
Primary assessment focus
Close assessment and management of the patient's airway and ventilation status is important in inhaled poison patients.
196
Altered mental status
If the patient has an altered mental status
197
Ventilation assistance
If the rate is inadequate or the tidal volume is inadequate
198
Maximizing oxygenation
Maximize oxygenation of the patient during ventilation by connecting oxygen to the ventilation device.
199
High concentration oxygen administration
If breathing is adequate in both rate and depth
200
Monitoring inhaled poisoning patients
Monitor the patient closely because he can deteriorate rapidly and begin to breathe inadequately.
201
Assessing circulatory status
Assess the patient's circulatory status by assessing the pulse and the skin color
202
Secondary Assessment
During the secondary assessment
203
History
Ask the patient or bystanders questions about what was inhaled
204
Suicide Attempt History
Does the patient have a history that suggests a possible suicide attempt? This is more common in apparently intentional carbon monoxide poisonings.
205
Exposure Location
Did the exposure occur in an open or a confined space? A confined space likely has highly concentrated amounts of the toxin and can lead to a severe toxic exposure.
206
Duration of Exposure
How long was the patient exposed? The severity of the inhaled poisoning is associated with the duration of exposure to the toxin.
207
Fire Exposure
Patients who are trapped in a fire are typically exposed to large amounts of toxic substances.
208
Incomplete Combustion
Incomplete combustion of products releases toxic fumes
209
Common Causes of Death in Fire
Most people who die in a fire do so from inhalation of toxic fumes and not from burns.
210
Airway Injuries
The second most common cause of death in a fire is from airway injuries secondary to breathing in superheated air.
211
Trauma in Fire
The third most common cause of death in a fire is from trauma.
212
Physical Exam
If the patient is responsive enough to provide you with an adequate history
213
Vital Signs
Obtain and record the patient's vital signs.
214
Signs and Symptoms of Inhaled Poisoning
Following are the signs and symptoms of inhaled poisoning: A history of inhalation of a toxic substance
215
Signs of Respiratory Tract Burns
Signs of respiratory tract burns include: Singed nasal hairs
216
Emergency Medical Care
Respiratory symptoms are typically the first to appear with inhalation injuries.
217
Protecting from Toxic Fumes
Protect yourself from exposure to toxic fumes by wearing self-contained breathing apparatus or waiting for a specialized team to make the rescue.
218
Patient Positioning
Place the patient in a supine position or position of comfort. Loosen all tight-fitting clothing
219
Open Airway
Establish and maintain an open airway.
220
Positive Pressure Ventilation
Start positive pressure ventilation with supplemental oxygen immediately if the patient has an inadequate tidal volume or respiratory rate.
221
High Concentration Oxygen
Administer a high concentration of oxygen by nonrebreather mask initially for all inhaled poisoning patients regardless of the reading.
222
Reassessment
Provide a reassessment en route to the hospital with attention to the patient's airway and breathing.
223
Injected Poisons
An injected poison is one that enters the body through a break in the skin
224
Injected Poisons
Substances that can be introduced into the body through various means such as bites
225
Anaphylactic Shock
A severe allergic reaction that can occur following an insect bite or sting.
226
Common Sources of Injected Poisons
Includes stings from bees
227
Immediate Reaction
The initial response at the injection site following exposure to injected poisons.
228
Delayed Systemic Reaction
A later response that affects the body after the initial reaction at the injection site.
229
Assessment-Based Approach
A systematic method to evaluate and provide emergency care for injected poisoning cases.
230
Scene Size-Up
The initial evaluation of the environment for clues related to injected poisoning.
231
Primary Assessment
The first step in evaluating a patient's condition
232
Pathophysiology of Injected Poisons
Injected poisons are absorbed into capillaries and can affect multiple organs throughout the body.
233
Secondary Assessment
A detailed evaluation that includes obtaining a history and vital signs from the patient or bystanders.
234
History Questions for Injected Poisons
Questions to ask include history of drug use
235
General Signs and Symptoms of Toxic Injection
Includes weakness
236
Emergency Medical Care for Toxic Injection
Involves protecting oneself and the patient from further injury and moving the patient away from any remaining threats.
237
Weakness/Lethargy
A common symptom indicating reduced energy or responsiveness in a patient.
238
Dizziness
A feeling of lightheadedness or unsteadiness often associated with toxic injection.
239
Chills
A sensation of coldness that may occur as a symptom of injected poisons.
240
Fever
An elevated body temperature that can be a response to injected toxins.
241
Nausea/Vomiting
Gastrointestinal symptoms that may arise following toxic injection.
242
Euphoria
An exaggerated feeling of well-being that can occur with certain toxic injections.
243
Sedation
A state of calm or drowsiness that may result from injected poisons.
244
High or Low Blood Pressure
Variations in blood pressure that can indicate a reaction to injected poisons.
245
Pupillary Changes
Alterations in pupil size that may occur as a symptom of toxic injection.
246
Skin Abscesses
Localized infections that can develop at the site of injection.
247
Pain at the Site of Injection
Discomfort experienced where the poison was introduced into the body.
248
Bees
Can sting only once and then lose their stinger.
249
Wasps
hornets
250
Oropharyngeal airway
Inserted if the patient does not have a gag reflex.
251
Nasopharyngeal airway
Used if the patient has a depressed mental status but does not accept an oropharyngeal airway.
252
Positive pressure ventilations
Begun with supplemental oxygen if the patient's respirations are inadequate.
253
Adequate oxygenation
Administer oxygen via a nasal cannula to achieve and maintain an oxygen saturation of 94% or greater.
254
Lateral recumbent position
Position to help prevent aspiration in case of vomiting.
255
Absorbed poison
Usually a chemical or substance from a poisonous plant that enters through the skin.
256
Skin reactions from absorbed poisons
Range from mild irritation to severe chemical burns.
257
Hydrofluoric acid exposure
Exposure of as little as 1% of the body surface can cause death.
258
Scene Size-Up
Make note of any open containers of chemicals or poisonous plants in the environment.
259
Primary Assessment
Carefully assess the patient's airway and breathing.
260
Secondary Assessment
Get a history from the patient or bystanders about the toxic substance that is likely to have been absorbed.
261
History and Physical Exam
Obtain and record the patient's vital signs.
262
Suction
Used for vomitus or secretions.
263
Reassessment
Provide attention to the airway and breathing and monitor for possible development of an anaphylactic reaction.
264
Emergency care for poisoning
Follow steps of assessment to determine facts surrounding a possible absorbed poisoning.
265
Protective gear
Wear gloves and other protective gear to ensure harmful substances do not contact your skin.
266
Toxic substance
Take care to avoid contact with the toxic substance during assessment.
267
Muscle paralysis
Some absorbed poisons can cause this and compromise the patient's respiratory status.
268
Excessive secretions
Can complicate the airway in cases of absorbed poisoning.
269
Altered mental status
Secondary to the effects of the absorbed poison could cause the jaw and tongue to relax and block the airway.
270
Vital signs
Should be obtained and recorded during the physical exam.
271
Signs and Symptoms of Absorbed Poison
A history of exposure to a poisonous substance
272
Signs and Symptoms of Contact with a Poisonous Plant
Fluid-filled
273
Emergency Medical Care for Absorbed Poison
Protecting your hands with gloves
274
Positive Pressure Ventilations
Begin positive pressure ventilations with supplemental oxygen if the patient's respirations are inadequate.
275
Oxygenation Maintenance
Maintain adequate oxygenation. If there are signs of respiratory distress
276
Brushing Off Dry Chemicals
Brush any dry chemicals or solid toxins from the patient's skin
277
Flushing Contaminated Area
Contact medical direction to determine whether to flush the contaminated area.
278
Irrigation of Liquid Poison
If the poison is liquid
279
Irrigation of Eye with Poison
If the poison entered the eye
280
Positioning During Eye Irrigation
Position the patient so water runs away from the unaffected eye
281
Reassessment During Transport
Provide a reassessment en route to the hospital with attention to the status of the patient's airway and breathing.
282
Assessment Summary for Poisoning Emergency
The following findings may be associated with a poisoning emergency.
283
Scene Size-Up for Poisoning
Is the poisoning due to ingestion
284
Mechanism of injury
The process or event that caused the injury.
285
Alcohol
drugs
286
Empty medicine bottles
Containers that previously held medications
287
Spilled chemicals
cleaning solvents
288
Pieces of plants
Plant material that may indicate exposure to toxic flora.
289
Position and location of the patient
The physical placement of the patient
290
Confined spaces
Enclosed areas that may increase the risk of exposure to toxic substances.
291
Peculiar odors
Unusual smells that may indicate the presence of toxic substances.
292
More than one patient with similar signs and symptoms
Indicates a potential mass exposure to a harmful substance.
293
Drug paraphernalia
Items associated with drug use that may indicate substance abuse.
294
Insects
snakes
295
Powdered or liquid substance on the skin surface
Indicates possible exposure to toxic materials.
296
Paint or other chemicals on the patient's lips or around the nose
May suggest inhalation or ingestion of harmful substances.
297
Primary Assessment
Initial evaluation to determine the patient's condition.
298
General Impression
Overall assessment of the patient's appearance and condition.
299
Burns to skin from chemical exposure
Injuries resulting from contact with harmful chemicals.
300
Vomitus or secretions in mouth
Presence of expelled contents that may indicate poisoning.
301
Stings or bites to body with areas of swelling
Injuries that may indicate exposure to venomous creatures.
302
Mental Status
Assessment of the patient's consciousness and cognitive function.
303
Airway
The passage through which air enters and leaves the lungs.
304
Breathing
The process of inhaling and exhaling air.
305
Circulation
The movement of blood throughout the body.
306
Status: Priority Patient
Indicates a patient requiring immediate medical attention.
307
Secondary Assessment
Further evaluation after the primary assessment to gather more information.
308
History
Information regarding the patient's past medical and exposure history.
309
Physical Exam
A thorough examination of the patient's body to identify injuries or symptoms.
310
Vital Signs
Measurements of essential body functions
311
Emergency care protocol: poisoning emergency
Guidelines for managing patients with suspected poisoning.
312
Open Airway
Establish and maintain unobstructed airflow for patient.
313
Positive Pressure Ventilation
Assisted breathing for inadequate respiratory function.
314
Nonrebreather Mask
Delivers high concentration oxygen to patients.
315
Lateral Recumbent Position
Patient lying on their side for airway protection.
316
Ingested Poison
Toxins consumed, requiring airway and ventilation support.
317
Inhaled Poison
Toxins breathed in, necessitating oxygen supply.
318
Injected Poison
Toxins introduced via needle or sting, requiring scraping.
319
Absorbed Poisoning
Toxins absorbed through skin, requiring decontamination.
320
Food Poisoning
Illness from consuming contaminated food or toxins.
321
