Chapter 18 Flashcards
Altered Mental Status
1
Q
Altered Mental Status
A
Significant change in consciousness or awareness.
2
Q
Reticular Activating System
A
Network of nerve cells regulating wakefulness.
3
Q
Cerebral Hemisphere
A
One of two halves of the brain.
4
Q
Coma
A
Unresponsive state with no reaction to stimuli.
5
Q
Structural Causes
A
Altered mental status from brain lesions or damage.
6
Q
Toxic-Metabolic Causes
A
Altered mental status from toxins or metabolic issues.
7
Q
Brain Tumor
A
Abnormal growth affecting brain function.
8
Q
Hemorrhage
A
Bleeding in or around the brain.
9
Q
Degenerative Disease
A
Progressive loss of brain function over time.
10
Q
Severe Hypoxia
A
Critical lack of oxygen to the brain.
11
Q
Abnormal Blood Glucose
A
High or low blood sugar affecting consciousness.
12
Q
Liver Failure
A
Inability of the liver to function properly.
13
Q
Kidney Failure
A
Inadequate kidney function affecting body balance.
14
Q
Poisoning
A
Toxic substances causing altered mental status.
15
Q
Shock
A
Critical condition from inadequate blood flow.
16
Q
CNS Depressants
A
Drugs that reduce brain activity, e.g., narcotics.
17
Q
Post Seizure
A
Altered state following a seizure episode.
18
Q
Cardiac Rhythm Disturbance
A
Irregular heartbeat affecting blood flow to brain.
19
Q
Stroke
A
Interruption of blood supply to the brain.
20
Q
Scene Size-Up
A
Initial assessment to identify potential causes.
21
Q
Mechanism of Injury
A
Circumstances leading to physical harm.
22
Q
Airway Management
A
Ensuring patient can breathe adequately.
23
Q
Positive Pressure Ventilation
A
Assisted breathing for patients with inadequate ventilation.
24
Q
Tidal Volume
A
Amount of air moved in one breath.
25
Secondary Assessment
Detailed evaluation after initial stabilization.
26
Patient History
Information about patient's past medical conditions.
27
Vital Signs
Measurements of essential body functions.
28
Emergency Medical Responder
Individual trained to provide emergency care.
29
Oxygen Therapy
Administration of oxygen to improve oxygenation.
30
Physical Exam
Comprehensive assessment of a patient's condition.
31
Pupils
Indicators of head injury or drug effects.
32
Cyanosis
Bluish discoloration indicating hypoxia.
33
Hypoxia
Insufficient oxygen supply to tissues.
34
Breath Sounds
Indicators of respiratory or cardiac conditions.
35
Pneumothorax
Air in the pleural space causing lung collapse.
36
Peripheral Edema
Swelling indicating congestive heart failure.
37
Sacral Edema
Swelling indicating congestive heart failure.
38
Narcotics
Drugs causing pinpoint pupils and altered consciousness.
39
Blood Pressure
Pressure of blood in arteries; vital sign.
40
Pulse Oximeter
Device measuring oxygen saturation in blood.
41
Glucometer
Device for measuring blood glucose levels.
42
AEIOU-TIPPSS
Mnemonic for causes of altered mental status.
43
Emergency Medical Care
Immediate treatment based on assessment findings.
44
Spine Motion Restriction
Precaution to prevent spinal injury during transport.
45
Patent Airway
Open airway essential for effective ventilation.
46
Suctioning
Clearing airway of secretions or obstructions.
47
Supplemental Oxygen
Additional oxygen provided to maintain saturation.
48
Lateral Recumbent Position
Recovery position to prevent aspiration.
49
Reassessment
Continuous monitoring of patient's condition.
50
Pediatric Considerations
Special assessment needs for children.
51
Appearance
Visual assessment of a patient's condition.
52
Work of Breathing
Effort required for effective respiration.
53
Circulation to Skin
Blood flow assessment via skin condition.
54
Decorticate Posturing
Flexed arms, extended legs; indicates severe brain injury.
55
Decerebrate Posturing
Extended arms and legs; indicates brain dysfunction.
56
Battle's Sign
Bruising behind the ears; sign of head trauma.
57
Raccoon Eyes
Bruising around the eyes; indicator of trauma.
58
AVPU
A scale assessing alertness: Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive.
59
Glasgow Coma Scale
Standard scale for assessing consciousness levels.
60
Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale (PGCS)
Modified GCS for evaluating children's mental status.
61
Lethargic
State of sluggishness or drowsiness in children.
62
Inconsolable
Child cannot be comforted or calmed.
63
Agitated
State of restlessness or extreme emotional disturbance.
64
Open Airway
Clear passage for breathing; essential in emergencies.
65
Suction
Removal of secretions to maintain airway patency.
66
BRUE
Brief Resolved Unexplained Event in infants.
67
Transient Symptoms
Temporary symptoms affecting infants during BRUE.
68
Hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar levels requiring immediate attention.
69
Cognitive Impairment
Decline in thinking, memory, and judgment abilities.
70
Six-Item Screener
Tool for identifying cognitive impairment in patients.
71
Delirium
Acute confusion often reversible with treatment.
72
Dementia
Chronic decline in cognitive function, often progressive.
73
Alzheimer's Disease
Common form of dementia characterized by memory loss.
74
Transport Protocol
Guidelines for moving patients to medical facilities.
75
Blood Glucose Level
Measurement of sugar levels in the blood.
76
Sepsis
Severe infection leading to systemic inflammatory response.
77
Respiratory Infection
Infection affecting the airways and lungs.
78
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Chronic digestive condition affecting the esophagus.
79
Acute Coronary Syndromes
Group of conditions associated with sudden heart issues.
80
Hyperthermia
Abnormally high body temperature due to failed thermoregulation.
81
Hypothermia
Abnormally low body temperature, often life-threatening.
82
Neurogenic Disorders
Replaced term for dementia in DSM-5.
83
Morbidity
Incidence of disease or health complications.
84
Mortality
Incidence of death within a population.
85
Neurologic Deficit
Deficiency in brain or nervous system function.
86
Supportive Management
Care focused on maintaining patient stability.
87
Beta-Amyloid
Protein linked to Alzheimer's disease pathology.
88
Acute Onset
Sudden appearance of symptoms or conditions.
89
Chronic Condition
Long-lasting health issue, often progressive.
90
Cognitive Disturbances
Impairments in memory, judgment, and thought.
91
Environmental Emergencies
Situations causing acute health crises due to environment.
92
Medication Toxicity
Harmful effects from excessive medication levels.
93
Transport to Hospital
Emergency transfer for advanced medical care.
94
Adult Protective Services
Agency ensuring safety for vulnerable adults.
95
Incoherent Speech
Disjointed or nonsensical verbal communication.
96
Fluctuating Course
Symptoms that vary in intensity and duration.
97
Aggression in Dementia
Behavioral response due to cognitive impairment.
98
Signs of Stroke
Altered mental status, speech issues, paralysis.
99
Chronic Anger
Emotional response not directed at caregivers.
100
Reversible Causes of Delirium
Conditions that can be treated to resolve delirium.
101
Caregiver Assistance
Support from trusted individuals during treatment.
102
Oxygenation Levels
Measurement of oxygen in the bloodstream.
103
Patient Positioning
Arranging patients for optimal comfort and safety.
104
Neurological Assessment
Evaluation of brain function and mental status.
105
Central Nervous System
Composed of the brain and spinal cord.
106
Traumatic Condition
Injury caused by external force, like a bullet.
107
Medical Condition
Health issue not caused by physical injury.
108
Acute Stroke
Sudden onset of neurological deficits; critical emergency.
109
American Heart Association
Organization focusing on cardiovascular health and education.
110
Stroke Chain of Survival
Steps to improve outcomes for stroke patients.
111
F.A.S.T. Mnemonic
Helps recognize stroke symptoms quickly.
112
Facial Droop
One side of the face droops or is numb.
113
Arm Weakness
Inability to raise or control one arm.
114
Speech Difficulty
Slurred speech or inability to speak coherently.
115
Time to Call
Immediate action required upon stroke symptoms.
116
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Temporary stroke symptoms; warning sign for stroke.
117
Fibrinolytic Drugs
Medications to dissolve blood clots in strokes.
118
Endovascular Therapy
Invasive procedure to remove clots from brain.
119
rtPA
Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for stroke.
120
Time is Brain
Early treatment increases brain tissue survival.
121
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
Former term for stroke; implies sudden brain injury.
122
Atherosclerosis
Narrowing of arteries due to plaque buildup.
123
Oxygen and Glucose
Essential for brain cell function and survival.
124
Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
First responders providing urgent medical care.
125
Stroke Symptoms
Signs indicating a possible stroke event.
126
Severe Headache
Sudden, intense headache without known cause.
127
Blurred Vision
Sudden visual disturbances in one or both eyes.
128
Dizziness
Loss of balance or coordination; possible stroke sign.
129
Cognitive Problems
Difficulty in thinking or understanding; stroke indicator.
130
Numbness
Loss of sensation, often on one side.
131
Emergency Department
Hospital area for urgent medical treatment.
132
Brain Cells
Require oxygen and glucose for normal function.
133
ATP
Energy currency needed for brain cell function.
134
Cerebral Arteries
Deliver oxygen and glucose to brain cells.
135
Collateral Circulation
Blood supply from smaller arteries during blockage.
136
Ischemic Penumbra
Area of brain cells that are electrically silent.
137
Electrically Silent Cells
Cells unable to produce electrical impulses.
138
Perfusion
Delivery of blood to brain tissue.
139
Sodium/Potassium Pump
Maintains cell membrane potential using ATP.
140
Cell Membrane Rupture
Occurs when cells swell from sodium accumulation.
141
Necrotic Cells
Dead brain cells due to irreversible damage.
142
Infarct Zone
Area of dead tissue from complete blood flow loss.
143
Ischemic Stroke
Stroke caused by artery blockage.
144
Hemorrhagic Stroke
Stroke caused by ruptured artery and bleeding.
145
Circle of Willis
Arterial ring supplying blood to the brain.
146
Stroke Care
Interventions to restore blood flow to brain.
147
Right Arm Weakness
Result of impaired brain cell function.
148
Cognitive Deficit
Loss of cognitive function due to brain damage.
149
Sensory Deficit
Loss of sensory function from brain injury.
150
Motor Deficit
Loss of motor function due to brain impairment.
151
Prolonged Ischemia
Extended lack of blood flow leading to cell death.
152
Restoration of Function
Reversal of deficits with timely oxygen and glucose.
153
Electrical Impulses
Signals sent by brain cells to muscles.
154
Neurologic Assessment
Evaluation of brain function and deficits.
155
Occlusion
Blockage of blood flow in cerebral arteries.
156
Thrombus
Clot formed at the site of occlusion.
157
Embolus
Clot traveling from another body area.
158
Cerebral Embolism
Embolus lodging in a cerebral artery.
159
Thrombotic Stroke
Stroke resulting from thrombus formation.
160
Embolic Stroke
Stroke caused by an embolus occluding an artery.
161
Hypertension
High blood pressure increasing stroke risk.
162
Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Bleeding occurring inside the brain.
163
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding in the subarachnoid space.
164
Aneurysm
Ballooning of a weakened artery wall.
165
Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)
Tangled blood vessels diverting blood flow.
166
Collateral Flow
Alternative blood supply forming around blockage.
167
Ischemia
Insufficient blood supply leading to oxygen deprivation.
168
Infarction
Tissue death due to prolonged ischemia.
169
Atrial Fibrillation
Irregular heart rhythm increasing embolism risk.
170
Thrombosis
Process of clot formation within a vessel.
171
Worst Headache
Common symptom of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
172
Seizures
Common symptom in hemorrhagic stroke cases.
173
Nausea and Vomiting
Symptoms associated with intracerebral hemorrhage.
174
Decreased Level of Consciousness
Common sign in both stroke types.
175
Stroke Onset
Sudden in hemorrhagic, slower in thrombotic strokes.
176
Fibrinolytic Drug
Medication used to dissolve clots in ischemic strokes.
177
Emergency Care
Immediate supportive treatment for stroke patients. Stroke
178
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Temporary stroke-like symptoms, often a precursor.
179
Atherosclerosis
Fat deposits in arteries, increasing stroke risk.
180
Hypertension
High blood pressure, major stroke risk factor.
181
Signs and Symptoms
Indicators of stroke related to brain area affected.
182
Paralysis
Loss of movement in one side of the body.
183
Facial Droop
Uneven facial expression, common stroke sign.
184
Monoplegia
Paralysis affecting one extremity.
185
Hemiplegia
Paralysis affecting both extremities on one side.
186
Anterior Circulation Stroke
Blockage in arteries supplying cerebrum and cortex.
187
Posterior Circulation Stroke
Affects brainstem and cerebellum, less common.
188
Cerebral Arteries
Blood vessels supplying different brain regions.
189
Homunculus
Representation of motor and sensory brain areas.
190
Aphasia
Communication disorder due to brain damage.
191
Expressive Aphasia
Difficulty speaking despite understanding language.
192
Receptive Aphasia
Difficulty understanding language, fluent but nonsensical.
193
Global Aphasia
Severe impairment in understanding and speaking.
194
Monocular Blindness
Total or partial vision loss in one eye.
195
Conjugate Gaze
Both eyes move together toward affected side.
196
Numbness
Loss of sensation, often accompanies paralysis.
197
Language Disturbance
Impairment in communication due to brain injury.
198
Motor Deficits
Weakness or clumsiness in body movement.
199
Vision Disturbance
Abnormal visual perception, may indicate stroke.
200
Cerebrum
Largest brain region, controls higher functions.
201
Cerebellum
Brain region responsible for coordination and balance.
202
Brainstem
Controls basic life functions, affected in strokes.
203
Ischemic Cells
Cells deprived of blood flow, leading to damage.
204
Emergency Reporting
Accurate information collection for patient care.
205
Stroke Risk Factors
Conditions increasing likelihood of stroke occurrence.
206
Unilateral weakness
Weakness on one side of the body.
207
Bilateral weakness
Weakness affecting both sides of the body.
208
Contralateral weakness
Weakness on opposite side of affected face.
209
Dysarthria
Slurred speech due to muscle weakness.
210
Diplopia
Double vision experienced by the patient.
211
Dysconjugate gaze
Eyes not aligned during movement.
212
Nystagmus
Jerky eye movements observed in patients.
213
Ataxia
Loss of coordination affecting movement.
214
Vertigo
Spinning sensation experienced by the patient.
215
Posterior circulation stroke
Stroke affecting the brain's posterior circulation.
216
Paraplegia
Paralysis of both legs.
217
Quadriplegia
Paralysis of all four extremities.
218
Cerebral artery blockage
Interruption of blood flow to the brain.
219
Clot-busting agents
Substances that dissolve blood clots naturally.
220
Neurologic deficits
Loss of function in nervous system.
221
Emergency care
Immediate medical attention for stroke or TIA.
222
Cryptogenic stroke
Stroke with no identifiable cause.
223
Atrial fibrillation
Irregular heartbeat often causing embolisms.
224
Thrombophilia
Increased tendency to form blood clots.
225
Endocarditis
Infection of heart lining potentially causing strokes.
226
Cerebrovascular disease
Disease affecting blood vessels in the brain.
227
Mental status
Patient's level of consciousness and awareness.
228
Stroke symptoms
Signs indicating a potential stroke occurrence.
229
Medical evaluation
Assessment to determine cause of symptoms.
230
Risk of stroke
Increased likelihood following a TIA.
231
Emergency transport
Immediate transfer to medical facility for care.
232
Patient reassurance
Providing comfort to patients during emergencies.
233
Neurologic Deficit
Impairment in brain function affecting movement or speech.
234
Altered Mental Status
Change in awareness or cognitive function of a patient.
235
Sudden Weakness
Unexpected loss of strength in face, arm, or leg.
236
Glucometer
Device measuring blood glucose levels for diabetes management.
237
Nontraumatic Brain Injury
Brain injury not caused by external physical force.
238
Lateral Recumbent Position
Patient lying on their side for airway management.
239
Jaw-Thrust Maneuver
Technique to open airway without moving the spine.
240
Oropharyngeal Airway
Device inserted to keep airway open in unconscious patients.
241
Nasopharyngeal Airway
Tube inserted through the nose to maintain airway.
242
Positive Pressure Ventilation
Assisted breathing using a device to deliver air.
243
Oxygen Saturation
Percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen in blood.
244
Stroke Symptoms
Signs indicating possible stroke, like weakness or confusion.
245
Physical Exam
Systematic assessment of a patient's physical condition.
246
Head-to-Toe Assessment
Comprehensive examination from head to feet.
247
Drooped Appearance
Asymmetrical facial movement often indicating stroke.
248
Garbled Speech
Unclear or slurred speech indicating possible brain injury.
249
Command Obedience
Patient's ability to follow verbal instructions.
250
Grip Strength
Measure of hand strength, indicating motor function.
251
Arm Drift
Test for weakness by observing arm position with eyes closed.
252
Brain Ischemia
Insufficient blood flow to the brain causing damage.
253
Time is Brain
Slogan emphasizing urgency in stroke treatment.
254
Stroke Care Facility
Specialized medical center for acute stroke treatment.
255
Respiratory Distress
Difficulty breathing indicating potential medical emergency.
256
Hypoxia
Deficiency of oxygen in the tissues.
257
Hypoxemia
Low oxygen levels in the blood.
258
Aspiration
Inhalation of foreign material into the lungs.
259
Spinal Injury
Damage to the spinal cord affecting mobility and sensation.
260
Neurologic Assessment
Evaluation of nervous system function and integrity.
261
Emergency Department
Hospital unit for immediate medical care and treatment.
262
Large Vessel Occlusion (LVO)
Stroke from blockage of a large cerebral artery.
263
Mortality Rate
Percentage of deaths from a specific condition.
264
Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS)
Screening tool assessing facial droop, arm drift, speech.
265
Abnormal Speech
Slurred or incorrect words during speech assessment.
266
Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen (LAPSS)
Screening tool considering other causes of symptoms.
267
MEND Scale
Comprehensive assessment for various stroke types.
268
AVPU
Method to assess patient's level of consciousness.
269
Cranial Nerves Assessment
Evaluates facial droop and visual fields.
270
Motor Function
Assessment of limb movement and strength.
271
Sensory Function
Ability to feel touch and pain in limbs.
272
Endovascular Procedures
Minimally invasive treatments for stroke management.
273
Rapid Arterial Occlusion Evaluation (RACE)
Screening tool for detecting arterial occlusions.
274
Prehospital FAST VAN
Assessment tool for stroke symptoms in the field.
275
Blood Glucose Level
Measurement crucial for stroke assessment.
276
Symptom Duration
Time since onset of stroke symptoms.
277
Wheelchair Bound
Patient unable to walk without assistance.
278
Seizures History
Past occurrences of seizures affecting assessment.
279
NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS)
Standardized scale for assessing stroke severity.
280
Patient Activity
Actions taken by patient during assessment.
281
Stroke Specific ED Report
Documentation for emergency department stroke cases.
282
Management Protocols
Guidelines for treating stroke patients in the field.
283
Symptom Onset
Time when patient first experienced stroke symptoms.
284
Level of Consciousness
Assessment of patient's awareness and responsiveness.
285
Coordination Assessment
Evaluates ability to perform coordinated movements.
286
Primary Stroke Center
Facility providing specialized stroke care.
287
Cranial nerves
Nerves that control various functions including facial movements.
288
Facial droop
Abnormality where one side of the face does not move as well as the other.
289
Show teeth or smile
A test for facial droop where the patient is asked to smile or show their teeth.
290
Motor arm drift
A test where the patient closes their eyes and holds out both arms; abnormal if an arm can't move or drifts down.
291
Leg drift
A test where the patient opens their eyes and lifts each leg separately; abnormal if a leg cannot be lifted.
292
Sensory arm and leg test
A test where the patient closes their eyes and is touched or pinched on the arm and leg.
293
Coordination test
A test involving finger to nose and heel to shin movements.
294
CPSS
Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale, a tool for assessing stroke symptoms.
295
LAPSS
Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen, another tool for assessing stroke symptoms.
296
MEND
Mild Emergency Neurological Deficit, a reliable stroke assessment tool based on CPSS and NIHSS.
297
Probability of stroke
If any one sign of facial droop, arm drift, or abnormal speech is present, the probability of stroke is increased.
298
Hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar that can produce signs and symptoms similar to those of a stroke.
299
Seizure
A condition that may present with neurologic deficits, including paralysis, lasting several hours post-event.
300
RACE Scale
Rapid Arterial Occlusion Evaluation scale, used to assess the severity of neurologic dysfunction in stroke patients.
301
NIHSS
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, the gold standard in assessing stroke patients.
302
Facial Palsy
Assessment of facial droop by asking the patient to show their teeth or smile.
303
Arm Motor Function
Assessment of whether the patient can extend and hold their arms up without drifting downward.
304
Leg Motor Function
Assessment of whether the patient can lift and hold each leg up without drifting downward.
305
Head and Gaze Deviation
Observation for deviation of the eyes and head to one side.
306
Agnosia
Inability to recognize familiar objects, assessed by asking the patient about their affected limb.
307
Scoring system
Each item in the RACE scale is scored from 0 (normal) to 2 (most severe deficit).
308
Sensitivity of RACE scale
A study showed a high degree of sensitivity in predicting large vessel occlusion with a RACE score of or greater.
309
Evaluation frequency
Vital signs should be repeated every 15 minutes.
310
Stroke recognition
The MEND screening tool resulted in greater recognition of anterior and posterior strokes compared to CPSS.
311
Endovascular procedure
A treatment that may be required for patients identified with a large vessel occlusion.
312
Stroke Alert
Any score above 4 indicates high stroke risk.
313
FAST VAN
Prehospital stroke assessment combining FAST and VAN.
314
VAN Assessment
Evaluates visual, aphasia, and neglect symptoms.
315
Visual Disturbance
Double vision or field defects; stroke indicator.
316
Neglect
Inability to track objects; indicates brain damage.
317
Sensitivity
Ability to correctly identify true positives.
318
Specificity
Ability to correctly identify true negatives.
319
Thrombolytic Drugs
Medications used to dissolve blood clots in strokes.
320
Acute Stroke Ready Hospitals
Facilities that stabilize and begin thrombolytic therapy.
321
Primary Stroke Centers
Hospitals with advanced imaging and stroke beds.
322
Thrombectomy Capable Centers
Facilities that perform mechanical clot removal.
323
Comprehensive Stroke Centers
Offer full spectrum of advanced stroke treatments.
324
Mobile Stroke Unit (MSU)
Specialized ambulance for on-site stroke diagnosis.
325
Signs of Stroke
Common symptoms include facial droop and weakness.
326
Neurological Symptoms
Signs indicating possible brain injury or stroke.
327
Emergency Transport
Rapid transfer to stroke center for treatment.
328
Patient Protocol
Guidelines for managing stroke patients in EMS.
329
CT Scanner
Imaging tool used in mobile stroke units.
330
Telehealth Capability
Remote consultation feature in mobile stroke units.
331
Altered mental status
Changes in awareness, confusion, or unresponsiveness.
332
Hemiparesis
Weakness on one side of the body.
333
Thunderclap headache
Sudden severe headache, often indicative of stroke.
334
Free radicals
Damaging molecules released during reperfusion.
335
Reperfusion
Restoration of blood flow to ischemic brain tissue.
336
Oxygen therapy
Administering oxygen to improve blood oxygen levels.
337
Spinal stabilization
Preventing movement of the spine in injury cases.
338
Patient positioning
Placing patient to protect airway and prevent aspiration.
339
Suctioning
Removing secretions or vomitus from airway.
340
Positive pressure ventilation
Assisting breathing when inadequate or ineffective.
341
Dyspnea
Difficulty or discomfort in breathing.
342
Blood glucose level
Measurement to rule out hypoglycemia in stroke.
343
Rapid transport
Quickly moving patient to appropriate medical facility.
344
Vital signs reassessment
Regular monitoring of patient's physiological status.
345
Unequal pupils
Asymmetry in pupil size, indicating potential brain injury.
346
Seizure activity
Uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain.
347
Nausea and vomiting
Common symptoms associated with brain injury or stroke.
348
Light sensitivity
Discomfort in bright light, often linked to neurological issues.
349
Sound sensitivity
Discomfort or pain in response to sounds.
350
Ignoring one side of the body
Neglect of one side, often due to brain injury.
351
Late symptoms
Signs that appear as stroke progresses, like stiff neck.
352
Emergency care procedures
Steps taken to stabilize a stroke patient.
353
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
Medical term for stroke, indicating brain blood flow disruption.
354
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Temporary stroke-like symptoms, often a warning sign.
355
Neurological deficits
Loss of normal brain function, indicating possible stroke.
356
Large vessel occlusion (LVO)
Blockage in a major brain artery, critical for treatment.
357
Glasgow Coma Score (GCS)
Scale to assess consciousness level in patients.
358
Validated prehospital stroke scale
Assessment tool for identifying stroke symptoms.
359
Last known well
Time when the patient was last normal.
360
Thrombolytic agents
Medications to dissolve blood clots in strokes.
361
Mechanical thrombectomy
Procedure to remove blood clots from arteries.
362
Vascular headaches
Headaches caused by blood vessel dilation or inflammation.
363
Migraine headaches
Severe headaches with throbbing pain and nausea.
364
Cluster headaches
Intense headaches occurring in cyclical patterns.
365
Tension headaches
Common headaches from muscle contraction, causing tightness.
366
Organic headaches
Headaches indicating underlying conditions like tumors.
367
Sepsis
Body's extreme response to infection, can cause confusion.
368
Assessment for headache
Evaluating symptoms and history for headache causes.
369
Emergency care for headache
Steps to stabilize and treat headache patients.
370
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Toxic exposure causing headaches and altered mental status.
371
Position of comfort
Patient positioning to alleviate headache discomfort.
372
Oxygen saturation target
Maintain oxygen levels above 94% for safety.
373
Suction readiness
Preparedness for potential vomiting in headache patients.
374
Patient safety considerations
Measures to prevent harm during stroke assessment.
375
Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
Pre-hospital care providers for medical emergencies.
376
Headache assessment clues
Indicators during evaluation for serious headache causes.
377
Seizure treatment guideline
Protocol for managing seizure activity in patients.
