Chapter 22: Descent with modification Flashcards
who published the Origin of Species
Charles darwin
what did the origin of species focus on
attention to the great diversity of
organisms
what did darwin note about current species
they are descendants of ancestral species
what did darwin use to define evolution
descendant with modification
what is the evolution of both of
a pattern and a process
what happened when the origin of species was published
started a scientific revolution
how did greek philosopher aristotle view species and how did he arrange them
as fixed (unchanging) arranged them on a scala naturae
what is scala naturae
scale that increases with complexity
who was farolus linnaeus
- founder of taxonomy
- developed binomial formal
what is taxonomy
the branch of biology concerned with classifying organisms
what does descent with modification mean
evolution is the process by which species accumulate differences from their ancestors as they adapt to their different environment
what is the pattern of evolution
revealed by scientific data showing that life has evolved over time
what is the process of evolution
consists of mechanims that cause pattern of change
how did studing fossils help darwin
helped lay the groundwork for darwins ideas
what are fossils
remains or tracs of organisms from the past
where are fossils usually found
sedimentary rock
what is paleontology
the study of fossils
what did geologists James Hutton and Charles Lyell say about the Earth
perceived that
changes in Earth’s
the surface can result from
slow, continuous actions
what was Lamarck’s hypothesis of evolution
species
evolve through use and disuse of body
parts and the inheritance of acquired
characteristics
what is use and disuse
body parts used extensively become larger and stronger and unused parts deteriorate
what is the inheritance of acquired characteristics
modifications acquired in one’s lifetime can be passed to offspring
what was wrong with lamark’s hypothesis
it was not supported by evidence
where did darwin travel and what did he do
- south america
- collected species of south American plants and aniamls
what did darwin observe while in the galapagos
fossils resembled libing species from the same speciess
what did darwin hypothesize in south america
species from south america had colonized the galapagos and speciated on the islands
what are adaptations
inherited characteristics that enhance an organism’s survival and
reproduction in specific environments
what did darwin say about new species and adaptations
that new species arise from ancestral forms through the gradual accumulation of adaptations
in 1844 what did darwin write an essay on
natural selection as the mechanism of descent with modificationq
what is natural selection
process in
which individuals with certain inherited
traits tend to survive and reproduce at
higher rates because of those traits
what are the 3 observations in descent with modification?
- unity of life
- diversity of life
- ways organisms are suited to life in their environments
what did darwin say about organisms that live in different habitats
they gradually accumulated diverse modifications to fit them in specific ways of life