Chapter 20 - Romanesque

Question 1

Ch 20: This Romanesque vault is the vault formed by the intersection of two perpendicular vaults.

Answer 1

A groin vault.

Question 2

Ch 20: In Roman vaulting, these (Frenchie sounding name) are the wedge-shaped stones that form the fault acting together as a curved planar surface.

Answer 2

The voussoir

Question 3

Ch 20: This Romanesque vaulting has structural stone “ribs” that frame the edges of the vault, and lighter stones are used to infill the space between.

Answer 3

Rib Vaulting.

Question 4

Ch 20: If the section of Romanesque vaulting between “ribs” is divided into four parts, it’s called this, but if it’s divided into six parts, it has this name.

Answer 4

Quadripartite; sexpartite

Question 5

Ch 20: In Romanesque architecture, blind arcades were arches that resembled ________ openings or ________ and attached to a blank wall.

Answer 5

arched; arcades

Question 6

Ch 20: In France, Romanesque style included the side aisle of the church continuing around the choir or chancel, which was the area in front of the church reserved for the ___________. What is this known as?

Answer 6

Clergy. It’s known as an ambulatory.

Question 7

Ch 20: Some Romanesque edifices featured a large round window of which there were 2 kinds. What were they?

Answer 7

The rose window which was round with stone or metal dividers, and wheel window which was a window with radial lines that are emphasized.

Question 8

Ch 20: Two ancillary structures that came into use during the Romanesque period in Italy were the _________ (for baptism) and the _________ (Italian bell-tower).

Answer 8

Baptistery; campanile.

Question 9

Ch 20: The 3 predominant styles of architecture that are classified by historians as Pre-Romanesque were these.

Answer 9

Caroligian, Merovingian, and Ottonian.

Question 10

Ch 20: One of the earliest of the new features of the Romanesque style that appeared was the _____ - _______ _______.

Answer 10

Three-story nave.

Question 11

Ch 20: One of the earliest of the new features of the Romanesque style that appeared was the three-story nave which consisted of a ______ at the lowest level, a ________ gallery, a series of three smaller arches, and an upper story, the level of the _________ windows.

Answer 11

colonnade; triform (gallery); clerestory

Question 12

Ch 20: In the north, an important development was that of a clearly articulated westwerk, which is the _______ ______ ______ of the church consisting of a central rectangular _______ corresponding to the interior nave.

Answer 12

western entrance facade; tower.

Question 13

Ch 20: In the south, Roman influence can be seen in Romanesque architecture through the use of ______ arch.

Answer 13

triumphal

Question 14

Ch 20: With regards to Romanesque architecture, what is a cloister?

Answer 14

A covered walkway with courtyard on one side and living space on the other side (like a really cool square excision from a building).

Question 15

Ch 20: What is unique about the base of the columns of St. Trophime’s portal arch?

Answer 15

They have a sculpted base.

Question 16

Ch 20: What subject is commonly found in the tympanum of Romanesque and Gothic architecture?

Answer 16

The last Judgement.

Question 17

Ch 20: St. James the apostle is supposedly buried at this cathedral.

Answer 17

The Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela.

Question 18

Ch 20: In the latter half of the 10th century, ______ began to visit the site of where Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela now stands.

Answer 18

Pilgrims

Question 19

Ch 20: Romanesque churches evolved to include aisles that continued into the chevet - why?

Answer 19

So that mass would not be interrupted by the pilgrims who wanted to see the relics.

Question 20

Ch 20: The Romanesque style in Germany is aka as the ______ style, meaning of the Rhine.

Answer 20

Rhenish

Question 21

Ch 20: The west end of Maria Laach Abbey features a porch and atrium called the ________, a garden area that was common in Early Christian churches.

Answer 21

paradisium

Question 22

Ch 20: How many regional styles of Roman Romanesque exists?

Answer 22

four

Question 23

Ch 20: [4 regional Romanesque styles] This style featured a from facade that was heavily sculptured with a lion porch and a vaulted interior.

Answer 23

Lombard (Vince Lombardi the lion… wtf)

Question 24

Ch 20: [4 regional Romanesque styles] This style features the placement of rows of upper-level arcades on the front elevation.

Answer 24

Pisan

Question 25

Ch 20: [4 regional Romanesque styles] This style is characterized by the use of white and green marble on the exterior.

Answer 25

Florentine (think of spinach and mozzarella or ricotta in a Florentine omelet)

Question 26

Ch 20: [4 regional Romanesque styles] This style is an amalgamation of Lombardian with Islamic influences.

Answer 26

Sicilian-Norman

Question 27

Ch 20: The “leaning tower of Pisa” is actually a bell-tower, or this Italian word.

Answer 27

campanile

Question 28

Ch 20: Unlike the rest of Europe, Pisa’s _______ and ______ were separate structures.

Answer 28

campanile (bell-tower) and baptistery.

Question 29

Ch 20: What 2 reasons caused the Pisa’s campanile to lean?

Answer 29

subsoil was clay/not uniform, and the foundation was too shallow.

Question 30

Ch 20: The Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi has two levels, what are they and what are their styles?

Answer 30

The Upper church (Basilica superiore) which was both Romanesque and Gothic; and the Lower Church (Basilica inferiore) which was strictly Romanesque.

Question 31

Ch 20: In the British Isles, there are 2 styles of Early Medieval period: Anglo-Saxon which is __________, and Norman.

Answer 31

Pre-Romanesque.

Question 32

Ch 20: A characteristic of the English-Norman or English Romanesque style of architecture is the use of ___________ ornamentation that decorates the architrave or archivolt of arched openings.

Answer 32

geometric.

Question 33

Ch 20: These two styles complemented each other because each aspired to verticality.

Answer 33

Gothic and Norman.