Chapter 20 - Romanesque Flashcards
Ch 20: This Romanesque vault is the vault formed by the intersection of two perpendicular vaults.
A groin vault.
Ch 20: In Roman vaulting, these (Frenchie sounding name) are the wedge-shaped stones that form the fault acting together as a curved planar surface.
The voussoir
Ch 20: This Romanesque vaulting has structural stone “ribs” that frame the edges of the vault, and lighter stones are used to infill the space between.
Rib Vaulting.
Ch 20: If the section of Romanesque vaulting between “ribs” is divided into four parts, it’s called this, but if it’s divided into six parts, it has this name.
Quadripartite; sexpartite
Ch 20: In Romanesque architecture, blind arcades were arches that resembled ________ openings or ________ and attached to a blank wall.
arched; arcades
Ch 20: In France, Romanesque style included the side aisle of the church continuing around the choir or chancel, which was the area in front of the church reserved for the ___________. What is this known as?
Clergy. It’s known as an ambulatory.
Ch 20: Some Romanesque edifices featured a large round window of which there were 2 kinds. What were they?
The rose window which was round with stone or metal dividers, and wheel window which was a window with radial lines that are emphasized.
Ch 20: Two ancillary structures that came into use during the Romanesque period in Italy were the _________ (for baptism) and the _________ (Italian bell-tower).
Baptistery; campanile.
Ch 20: The 3 predominant styles of architecture that are classified by historians as Pre-Romanesque were these.
Caroligian, Merovingian, and Ottonian.
Ch 20: One of the earliest of the new features of the Romanesque style that appeared was the _____ - _______ _______.
Three-story nave.
Ch 20: One of the earliest of the new features of the Romanesque style that appeared was the three-story nave which consisted of a ______ at the lowest level, a ________ gallery, a series of three smaller arches, and an upper story, the level of the _________ windows.
colonnade; triform (gallery); clerestory
Ch 20: In the north, an important development was that of a clearly articulated westwerk, which is the _______ ______ ______ of the church consisting of a central rectangular _______ corresponding to the interior nave.
western entrance facade; tower.
Ch 20: In the south, Roman influence can be seen in Romanesque architecture through the use of ______ arch.
triumphal
Ch 20: With regards to Romanesque architecture, what is a cloister?
A covered walkway with courtyard on one side and living space on the other side (like a really cool square excision from a building).
Ch 20: What is unique about the base of the columns of St. Trophime’s portal arch?
They have a sculpted base.
Ch 20: What subject is commonly found in the tympanum of Romanesque and Gothic architecture?
The last Judgement.
Ch 20: St. James the apostle is supposedly buried at this cathedral.
The Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela.
Ch 20: In the latter half of the 10th century, ______ began to visit the site of where Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela now stands.
Pilgrims
Ch 20: Romanesque churches evolved to include aisles that continued into the chevet - why?
So that mass would not be interrupted by the pilgrims who wanted to see the relics.
Ch 20: The Romanesque style in Germany is aka as the ______ style, meaning of the Rhine.
Rhenish
Ch 20: The west end of Maria Laach Abbey features a porch and atrium called the ________, a garden area that was common in Early Christian churches.
paradisium
Ch 20: How many regional styles of Roman Romanesque exists?
four
Ch 20: [4 regional Romanesque styles] This style featured a from facade that was heavily sculptured with a lion porch and a vaulted interior.
Lombard (Vince Lombardi the lion… wtf)
Ch 20: [4 regional Romanesque styles] This style features the placement of rows of upper-level arcades on the front elevation.
Pisan
Ch 20: [4 regional Romanesque styles] This style is characterized by the use of white and green marble on the exterior.
Florentine (think of spinach and mozzarella or ricotta in a Florentine omelet)
Ch 20: [4 regional Romanesque styles] This style is an amalgamation of Lombardian with Islamic influences.
Sicilian-Norman
Ch 20: The “leaning tower of Pisa” is actually a bell-tower, or this Italian word.
campanile
Ch 20: Unlike the rest of Europe, Pisa’s _______ and ______ were separate structures.
campanile (bell-tower) and baptistery.
Ch 20: What 2 reasons caused the Pisa’s campanile to lean?
subsoil was clay/not uniform, and the foundation was too shallow.
Ch 20: The Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi has two levels, what are they and what are their styles?
The Upper church (Basilica superiore) which was both Romanesque and Gothic; and the Lower Church (Basilica inferiore) which was strictly Romanesque.
Ch 20: In the British Isles, there are 2 styles of Early Medieval period: Anglo-Saxon which is __________, and Norman.
Pre-Romanesque.
Ch 20: A characteristic of the English-Norman or English Romanesque style of architecture is the use of ___________ ornamentation that decorates the architrave or archivolt of arched openings.
geometric.
Ch 20: These two styles complemented each other because each aspired to verticality.
Gothic and Norman.
