Chapter 09 - The Classical World

Question 1

Ch. 9: STORY - Herodotus wrote a book about Helen and the war between the Achilles / Trojans and King Menelaus / Sparta. What is the title of the book?

Answer 1

The History

Question 2

Ch. 9: Two historically significant Homeric works are? Why are they so important?

Answer 2

Iliad and Odessey. They were extremely impactful on art and literature of the ancient Greeks and Romans (Classical World).

Question 3

Ch. 9: The age between the end of the Bronze Age to the beginning of the Classical Greek period is known as what? Why was it named this, and what is so unique about it?

Answer 3

The “Dark Age”. It’s known as the Dark Age because the Greeks lost their literacy but reacquired it; this has never happened to any other civilization.

Question 4

Ch. 9: There are several epic poems whose titles are known, but the actual poems themselves have been lost. What page are they on?

Answer 4

84

Question 5

Ch. 9: Peleus and Thetis (Achilles’ parents) get married but don’t invite this cunt of a god, Eris. What does Eris do in response?

Answer 5

She throws an apple between Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite and says “to the fairest”. THIS MAKES NO FUCKING SENSE BECAUSE WTF DOES IT HAVE TO DO WITH THE TWO CUNTS THAT GOT MARRIED?????

Question 6

Ch. 9: Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite want Eris’ stupid “to the fairest” apple; what do they do to settle which one of them gets it, and how?

Answer 6

They let Paris, prince of Troy, decide who gets to keep it. Hera offers him power, Athena offers wisdom, Aphrodite offers a hot chick… really, a hot chick? OMG I just can’t.

Question 7

Ch. 9: So even thought Aphrodite ‘promised’ a hot chick to Paris in exchange for the moronic “fairest of them all” apple, she doesn’t make the hot chick appear; instead Paris has to go get her. :\

Who is the woman, and who is she married to?

Answer 7

It’s Helen, and she’s married to Menelaus, King of Sparta.

Question 8

Ch. 9: Helen’s abduction is considered a violation of Greek tradition called xenia - what is this?

Answer 8

Fair treatment of guests and by guests alike.

Question 9

Ch. 9: In response to Helen’s kidnapping, Menelaus gets his brother Agamemnon to get her back, but Agamemnon has to sacrifice his daughter, Iphigenia for what reason?

Answer 9

Because the winds weren’t blowing. WTF.

Question 10

Ch. 9: Calchas, the prophet who gets Agamemnon to sacrifice his daughter for wind, tells Agamemnon to return Chryseis to her father, a priest of Apollo. For some unknown reason in this textbook, Agamemnon takes Brisies. Who is Brisies, and what’s the significance?

Answer 10

Achilles’ favorite slave girl; demoralized him.

Question 11

Ch. 9: Who’s the hero of Troy, and who kills and disrespects him?

Answer 11

Hector, and he’s killed by Achilles who disrespects his body by dragging it around.

Question 12

Ch. 9: Who kills Achilles?

Answer 12

Paris, the prince of Troy and kidnapper of hot chicks.

Question 13

Ch. 9: Penelope is an idiot. She’s remained faithful to Odysseus (who’s been off fighting the Trojans? Textbook doesn’t say :\ ), but he’s been hoeing around. There are several dudes who want her, but she insists she’ll only marry the man who can shoot and arrow through 12 axes with Odysseus’ bow. What epic story is this the beginning of, and who shoots the arrows?

Answer 13

This is the beginning of the Odyssey. Turns out Odysseus is in disguise, shoots the arrows, and poof: Athena removes his disguise. So Penelope gets to marry that fuckin hoe again or whatever. Lucky girl :\

Question 14

Ch. 9: Greek history begins with which games in 776 BCE?

Answer 14

Olympic Games.

Question 15

Ch. 9: The four centuries of Dark Ages are so named due to what two issues?

Answer 15

(1) There is little evidence of architecture
(2) The Greeks lost their writing system

Question 16

Ch. 9: Which Greek city-state defeated Persia gaining them wealth and prominence?

Answer 16

Athens

Question 17

Ch. 9: The Delian League, a protection organization that Greek city-states had to pay tribute to, was controlled by what city?

Answer 17

Athens

Question 18

Ch. 9: The Peloponnesian Wars involved which two Greek city-states, and who won?

Answer 18

Athens and Sparta; Sparta was like, “THIS IS SPARTA!!!!!”.

Question 19

Ch. 9: The empire of Alexander the Great was divided into what three kingdoms?

Answer 19

Macedonia, Syria/Mesopotamia, Egyptian.

Question 20

Ch. 9: The term Greco-Roman is a consequence of what?

Answer 20

Greece and Rome being closely intertwined.

Question 21

Ch. 9: Even though the Romans thought their booty didn’t stink, they were said to be philhellenic, especially the upper class. What does that mean?

Answer 21

The were admiring of all things Greek.

Question 22

Ch. 9: Where can you find information about the ‘generations’ of Greek gods?

Answer 22

86

Question 23

Ch. 9: Two of the titan gods, Cronus and Rhea (brother-sister fuckers), gave birth to which generation of gods?

What did Cronus try to do with his kids?

Answer 23

They had the Olympian gods

Cronus tried to eat/devour his kids like a fucking hamster. I can’t.

Question 24

Ch. 9: Which Greek god, the god of wine and poetry (and theatre), is linked to the Egyptian god Osiris?

Answer 24

Dionysus

Question 25

Ch. 9: Tympanum sculptures are found in the triangular area of Greek temples; what’s another name for these sculptures?

Answer 25

Pediment sculptures

Question 26

Ch. 9: Greek term for glory; fame, reputation: what will be said about you after your death

Answer 26

Kleos

Question 27

Ch. 9: Greek term for honor, tokens of honor stowed upon by peers.

Answer 27

Timé

Question 28

Ch 9: Greek term for return or homecoming.

Answer 28

Nostos

Question 29

Ch. 9: What are the 3 classical orders of Greek temples? How can you tell the difference between them?

Answer 29

Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.
Doric is the simplest (disc-shaped capital).
Ionic has scroll-looking doohickies for the capital.
Corinthian has floral looking capitals (acanthus leaf).

Question 30

Ch 9: Where is the alter in a Classical Greek temple? The area for the gods (and it’s formal name)? What prominent feature separates the area for the gods?

Answer 30

In the middle.
Towards the Back; called naos (cella in Latin).
A porch with columns.

Question 31

Ch 9: What is the altar used for? How does it serve the people and the gods?

Answer 31

It’s used for animal sacrifice.
People eat the meat, the smoke is for the gods (they only eat ambrosia and nectar).

Question 32

Ch 9: This term describes the spiral scroll characteristics of Ionic Capitals.

Answer 32

Volute

Question 33

Ch. 9: Term to describe vertical semicircular grooves of a column.

Answer 33

Fluting

Question 34

Ch 9: Term used to describe the rectangular area that spans the top of the columns. Also houses the metopes, triglyphs and architrave.

Answer 34

Entablature

Question 35

Ch 9: Term used to describe triangular area above Entablature; closes/caps ends of the roof. Usually covered with sculptures.

Answer 35

Pediment.

Question 36

Ch 9: Term used to describe flat area of the pediment were the sculpture(s) rests.

Answer 36

Tympanum (think of a flat eardrum)

Question 37

Ch 9: What are the 3 parts of the column?

Answer 37

Base, shaft, and capital.

Question 38

Ch. 9: What are the three sections of the entablature?

Answer 38

Architrave - immediately above the columns.
Frieze - in the middle of the entablature housing decorative elements, such as alternating triglyphs and metopes
Cornice - decorative “crown molding” on top of the frieze.

Question 39

Ch 9: Term describing single or multiple rows of columns which create a porch at the ends of a classical temples.

Answer 39

Colonnade

Question 40

Ch 9: What are the 2 additional orders developed by the Romans?

Answer 40

Tuscan and Composite

Question 41

Ch. 9: What type of building was the most important in Ancient Greece?

Answer 41

Temple

Question 42

Ch 9: The Flavian Amphitheater in Rome, which has 4 orders incorporated into its architecture, is also known more famously as what?

Answer 42

The Colosseum

Question 43

Ch 9: Describe the 2 major differences in Roman and Greek theatre architecture.

Answer 43

(1) In Roman theatre, the orchestra is used to seat distinguished patrons, not for acting/dancing.
(2) Roman theaters were typical built on level ground, not into the side of a hill.