Chapter 09 - The Classical World Flashcards
Ch. 9: STORY - Herodotus wrote a book about Helen and the war between the Achilles / Trojans and King Menelaus / Sparta. What is the title of the book?
The History
Ch. 9: Two historically significant Homeric works are? Why are they so important?
Iliad and Odessey. They were extremely impactful on art and literature of the ancient Greeks and Romans (Classical World).
Ch. 9: The age between the end of the Bronze Age to the beginning of the Classical Greek period is known as what? Why was it named this, and what is so unique about it?
The “Dark Age”. It’s known as the Dark Age because the Greeks lost their literacy but reacquired it; this has never happened to any other civilization.
Ch. 9: There are several epic poems whose titles are known, but the actual poems themselves have been lost. What page are they on?
84
Ch. 9: Peleus and Thetis (Achilles’ parents) get married but don’t invite this cunt of a god, Eris. What does Eris do in response?
She throws an apple between Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite and says “to the fairest”. THIS MAKES NO FUCKING SENSE BECAUSE WTF DOES IT HAVE TO DO WITH THE TWO CUNTS THAT GOT MARRIED?????
Ch. 9: Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite want Eris’ stupid “to the fairest” apple; what do they do to settle which one of them gets it, and how?
They let Paris, prince of Troy, decide who gets to keep it. Hera offers him power, Athena offers wisdom, Aphrodite offers a hot chick… really, a hot chick? OMG I just can’t.
Ch. 9: So even thought Aphrodite ‘promised’ a hot chick to Paris in exchange for the moronic “fairest of them all” apple, she doesn’t make the hot chick appear; instead Paris has to go get her. :\
Who is the woman, and who is she married to?
It’s Helen, and she’s married to Menelaus, King of Sparta.
Ch. 9: Helen’s abduction is considered a violation of Greek tradition called xenia - what is this?
Fair treatment of guests and by guests alike.
Ch. 9: In response to Helen’s kidnapping, Menelaus gets his brother Agamemnon to get her back, but Agamemnon has to sacrifice his daughter, Iphigenia for what reason?
Because the winds weren’t blowing. WTF.
Ch. 9: Calchas, the prophet who gets Agamemnon to sacrifice his daughter for wind, tells Agamemnon to return Chryseis to her father, a priest of Apollo. For some unknown reason in this textbook, Agamemnon takes Brisies. Who is Brisies, and what’s the significance?
Achilles’ favorite slave girl; demoralized him.
Ch. 9: Who’s the hero of Troy, and who kills and disrespects him?
Hector, and he’s killed by Achilles who disrespects his body by dragging it around.
Ch. 9: Who kills Achilles?
Paris, the prince of Troy and kidnapper of hot chicks.
Ch. 9: Penelope is an idiot. She’s remained faithful to Odysseus (who’s been off fighting the Trojans? Textbook doesn’t say :\ ), but he’s been hoeing around. There are several dudes who want her, but she insists she’ll only marry the man who can shoot and arrow through 12 axes with Odysseus’ bow. What epic story is this the beginning of, and who shoots the arrows?
This is the beginning of the Odyssey. Turns out Odysseus is in disguise, shoots the arrows, and poof: Athena removes his disguise. So Penelope gets to marry that fuckin hoe again or whatever. Lucky girl :\
Ch. 9: Greek history begins with which games in 776 BCE?
Olympic Games.
Ch. 9: The four centuries of Dark Ages are so named due to what two issues?
(1) There is little evidence of architecture
(2) The Greeks lost their writing system
Ch. 9: Which Greek city-state defeated Persia gaining them wealth and prominence?
Athens
Ch. 9: The Delian League, a protection organization that Greek city-states had to pay tribute to, was controlled by what city?
Athens
Ch. 9: The Peloponnesian Wars involved which two Greek city-states, and who won?
Athens and Sparta; Sparta was like, “THIS IS SPARTA!!!!!”.
Ch. 9: The empire of Alexander the Great was divided into what three kingdoms?
Macedonia, Syria/Mesopotamia, Egyptian.
Ch. 9: The term Greco-Roman is a consequence of what?
Greece and Rome being closely intertwined.
Ch. 9: Even though the Romans thought their booty didn’t stink, they were said to be philhellenic, especially the upper class. What does that mean?
The were admiring of all things Greek.
Ch. 9: Where can you find information about the ‘generations’ of Greek gods?
86
Ch. 9: Two of the titan gods, Cronus and Rhea (brother-sister fuckers), gave birth to which generation of gods?
What did Cronus try to do with his kids?
They had the Olympian gods
Cronus tried to eat/devour his kids like a fucking hamster. I can’t.
Ch. 9: Which Greek god, the god of wine and poetry (and theatre), is linked to the Egyptian god Osiris?
Dionysus
Ch. 9: Tympanum sculptures are found in the triangular area of Greek temples; what’s another name for these sculptures?
Pediment sculptures
Ch. 9: Greek term for glory; fame, reputation: what will be said about you after your death
Kleos
Ch. 9: Greek term for honor, tokens of honor stowed upon by peers.
Timé
Ch 9: Greek term for return or homecoming.
Nostos
Ch. 9: What are the 3 classical orders of Greek temples? How can you tell the difference between them?
Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.
Doric is the simplest (disc-shaped capital).
Ionic has scroll-looking doohickies for the capital.
Corinthian has floral looking capitals (acanthus leaf).
Ch 9: Where is the alter in a Classical Greek temple? The area for the gods (and it’s formal name)? What prominent feature separates the area for the gods?
In the middle.
Towards the Back; called naos (cella in Latin).
A porch with columns.
Ch 9: What is the altar used for? How does it serve the people and the gods?
It’s used for animal sacrifice.
People eat the meat, the smoke is for the gods (they only eat ambrosia and nectar).
Ch 9: This term describes the spiral scroll characteristics of Ionic Capitals.
Volute
Ch. 9: Term to describe vertical semicircular grooves of a column.
Fluting
Ch 9: Term used to describe the rectangular area that spans the top of the columns. Also houses the metopes, triglyphs and architrave.
Entablature
Ch 9: Term used to describe triangular area above Entablature; closes/caps ends of the roof. Usually covered with sculptures.
Pediment.
Ch 9: Term used to describe flat area of the pediment were the sculpture(s) rests.
Tympanum (think of a flat eardrum)
Ch 9: What are the 3 parts of the column?
Base, shaft, and capital.
Ch. 9: What are the three sections of the entablature?
Architrave - immediately above the columns.
Frieze - in the middle of the entablature housing decorative elements, such as alternating triglyphs and metopes
Cornice - decorative “crown molding” on top of the frieze.
Ch 9: Term describing single or multiple rows of columns which create a porch at the ends of a classical temples.
Colonnade
Ch 9: What are the 2 additional orders developed by the Romans?
Tuscan and Composite
Ch. 9: What type of building was the most important in Ancient Greece?
Temple
Ch 9: The Flavian Amphitheater in Rome, which has 4 orders incorporated into its architecture, is also known more famously as what?
The Colosseum
Ch 9: Describe the 2 major differences in Roman and Greek theatre architecture.
(1) In Roman theatre, the orchestra is used to seat distinguished patrons, not for acting/dancing.
(2) Roman theaters were typical built on level ground, not into the side of a hill.
