Chapter 04 - Origins Of Culture & Architecture Flashcards
Ch. 4: H. Sapiens first appeared in Africa when approx?
250K YA
Ch. 4: The last and most extensive migration took place during what time?
Paleolithic or Old Stone Age.
Ch. 4: Stone tools were first used by what human ancestor?
H. habilis
Ch. 4: Alternate terms for ice age and warming periods? What are we in now, and what is that period called?
Glacial and interglacial. We’re in an interglacial period called he Holocene.
Ch. 4: What phenomenon sparked the sudden acceleration of the pace of cultural development?
Farming.
Ch. 4: The need to store grain sparked what development?
Ceramics for storage.
Ch. 4: What is an agrarian society?
A society that is agricultural; not nomadic or foraging.
Ch. 4: Why is language an essential ingredient of culture?
Culture can be passed down to future generations.
Ch. 4: A process where knowledge can be written down to greatly facilitate the passing of culture to future generations - even more that language. It is a critical ingredient in the development of culture and civilization.
Collective learning.
Ch. 4: List the four catalytic events for the progress of civilizations in recent history.
- Written language by river valley civilizations. 2. Invention of the printing press. 3. Inventions of the telephone and telegraph. 4. Invention of the PC and the Internet.
Ch. 4: Preliminary roots of architecture began with what?
A home base.
Ch. 4: What are the two models for development of a home base?
- Tools were brought to a foraging area and left there for future use or use by other peoples. 2. Location of a central place for foraging where development of community skills was cultivated (division of labor, cooperation, etc).
Ch. 4: Why is shelter building an adaptive behavior?
It requires advanced abilities for abstract thought, advanced tool making, and communication (no instinct).
Ch. 4: Mary Leaky theorizes that the first shelters were built by whom?
H. Habilis
Ch. 4: The archetype structure for Paleolithic shelters consists of what three things?
Foundation of stones, a skeleton/framework, and a protective skin.
Ch. 4: Where is the earliest evidence of a human shelter, and what is it called?
Nice, France. Terra Amata.
Ch. 4: The origins of art date back 45K to 10K years ago in what period?
Upper Paleolithic
Ch. 4: What is parietal artwork?
Artwork on walls in caves.
Ch. 4: The birth of cultural architecture (religious/social/political structures) is dated to ~10K - 12K YA with the discovery of which Southeastern Anatolia archaeological site?
Gobekli Tepe
Ch. 4: What two landmarks of the Neolithic Age lead to the development of villages?
Agriculture and domestication of animals.
Ch. 4: Hilltop fortresses and cluster communities are indicative of what age?
Neolithic
Ch. 4: Cavit walls, dry stone walls, and midden are characteristic of what famous Neolithic village?
Skara Brae in Scotland
