Chapter 20: Industrial Revolution Flashcards
How was urbanization was happening during this time?
Growth during 1800s, former farmers went to cities due to enclosure movement. Cities were dirty, overcrowded, and pollution from factories. Tried to plan cities to accommodate growth
How did Great Britain and France demonstrate Industrial power?
Great Britain and Crystal Palace and Great Exhibition of 1851. Amazing construction to show what the future could be like. France responded with Champ Elysees, Arc de Triomphe , and changed city streets.
What was the Irish Potato Famine?
1845 led to cheaper foods, crop bug killed potatoes and led to extreme hunger
What was Repeal of Corn Laws
1846, removed tariffs on imports of grain which harmed lower taxes
What was the hungry?
1840 series of poor harvest and food insecurity in Ireland/Britain.
What was the Liverpool to Manchester Railroad?
1830, connected major industrial towns across England
Who were the Chartists?
Chartists: Worker political movment to fight against industry having too much power.
1838 Peitition: All men to vote, use secret ballot, parliamentary elections every year, propety qualification for parliament should be abolished.
Luddi
Who were Luddites?
Violent opposed technological change, textile workers smashed automated machinery early 1800s.
What was the Spinning Jenny?
1764: Allowed worker to manage multiple spindles at once, making more products done faster. Move form cottage industry to factories allowing expansion of industrial revolution.
What were the Factories Act of 1833?
Children depending on age can not work specific amounts, as it was supposed to protect safety of children and improve condition in factories as they were working long hours.
What was the British Locomotives?
Efficient transport goods for long distances, as it allowed rapid development of economy through more railways and facilitating trade on national and international level.
What was the Cartwright Power loom?
Automated weaving process, and reduce dependence on Human labor. 1785
What was the Steamboat?
Developed in late 18th and 19th centuries, as ships could go against current and relying on wind. River travel faster and reliable. Cheaper for goods to move, led to economic growth
What was the Subjection of Women
- women were in inferior positions, aimed to make social advances to let women get same opportunities as men
What was the wrought iron?
Invented in 2nd millennium. Henry Court discovered iron into wrought. Soft, ductile, and was used for infrastructure, hardware, and weapons
What is a steam engine?
1769, consistent source of energy instead of relying on humans. Cost effective and cheaper and easier to produce.
What was a trade union?
Secured improvements in pay, benefits, working conditions, and collective bargaining. Favorted political activism, led to formation of labor party, while American Unions pursued collective bargaining as means of winning economic gains for workers.
What were water frames?
1769, water to spin cotton into threads and fibers. Increased textile production which boosted economy. Improved qualityy of life and made labor more affordable as water Frame increased productivity.
What was the sewing machine?
1804, mass production of clothing became possible.
What was the telegraph?
1838, allowed for people from great distances to communicate. Faster communication.
What was the type righter?
Mechanical device that type letters, numbers, and symbols onto paper. Clear readable documents much faster, and helped newspaper grow and become efficient.
