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AP EURO > Chapter 14: Age of Exploration > Flashcards

Chapter 14: Age of Exploration Flashcards

1
Q

reformation

A

clashes between catholics and christian reformers who developed new christianity.

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2
Q

catholicism motive for exploration

A

responded by finding new places to spread cathoclism

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3
Q

protestants motive for exploration

A

explored places to find refuge and create new christian lands.

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4
Q

commercial motives

A

expanding markets

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5
Q

route easte

A

europeans looked for easier routes east towards asia.

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6
Q

water route motive for exploretion

A

sought a water route (faster) than land

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7
Q

mercantilism

A

economic idea that was really popular from the 1500s to the 1700s, especially during the time of European exploration and colonization.

Here’s the basic idea:

A country’s power was measured by how much gold and silver it had.
To get more wealth, countries tried to export (sell) more goods than they imported (bought).
They wanted to create colonies to get raw materials cheaply, then make goods and sell them — often back to the colonies at a higher price.
Governments passed laws to protect their own economies, like high taxes on imports (tariffs) and giving special help to local businesses.

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8
Q

balance of trades

A

more exports than imports

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9
Q

colony

A

new economic theories and creating a colonial system around the world.

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10
Q

political

A

leadership wanted more power and access

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11
Q

portolani

A

better globals maps

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12
Q

sternpost rudder

A

maneuver
ships

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13
Q

cartography

A

drawing maps

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14
Q

astrolabe

A

star chart (navigation)

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15
Q

compass

A

navigational (directional)

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16
Q

caravel

A

faster, sturdy ship.

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17
Q

lateen sail

A

sail against the wind

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18
Q

gunpowder

A

guns and gunpowder fight off enemies

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19
Q

trading empire of portugal

A

Africa: They established trading posts along the West African coast, trading gold, ivory, and slaves. The Portuguese founded important forts like Elmina Castle (in modern Ghana) around 1482.
India and Asia: Vasco da Gama’s voyage to India (1497–1499) opened up direct sea trade between Europe and Asia. Portugal set up trading posts in Goa (India), Malacca (Malaysia), and later Macau (China).
Brazil: In 1500, Pedro Álvares Cabral landed in Brazil, claiming it for Portugal. Brazil became a vital colony, especially for sugar production.
Spice Trade: One of the biggest prizes was the control of the spice trade (pepper, cloves, cinnamon, etc.). Portuguese merchants dominated this lucrative business for decades.
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494): Portugal and Spain divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between them. Portugal got control of much of Africa, Asia, and Brazil.

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20
Q

vasco de gama

A

sail around coast of east africa and india and Arabian sea
first to sail around cape code

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21
Q

India (portugal)

A

created trading post goa city

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22
Q

malacca

A

portugal established malacca in malay

23
Q

west africa(portugal)

A

began trading along west africa in spice and slave trafe

24
Q

christopher columbus

A

traveled to new world thinking it was indiA

25
Hernan Cortes
spanish conquistadors that conquered the Aztec empire
26
new spain
council of indies and viceroys in mexico city and lima peru
27
ecomienda system
land granted to nobles and natives to work
28
asiento system
agreements where spain gave permission to other countries to sell enslaved africans to spanish colonies in americas
29
ferdinand magellan
first to sail around the world
30
bartolome de las casas
saw the cruelty to the indians (famous priests)
31
francisco pizarro
inca empire (peru) spanish american empire by 1600 was 20x its own size. indigenous empire in people convert to christianity and subjects of spanish king.
32
spice islands
established the spice islands in moluccas where had valuable slices like nutmeg.
33
manilla
trading port in manilla
34
dutch east india company
india asia, spice islands sere contrilled spices, indonesia, had ceylon (sir lanka) for cinnamon, india cotoon and spices and china for silk
35
dutch west india company
north america
36
john cabot
explored newfoundland and north atlantic sea of North America
37
England overseas empires
north america : englush colonies jamestown west indies: bahamas jamaica.
38
francis drake
attacked spanish ships, 1580 sencodn to sail around world. attscked spanish ship and settlment and gave riches back to britain
39
jacque cartier
sails to north america claimed canada and explored st lawerence river
40
samuel de champlain
establsih canada
41
west indies (france)
martinique and other islands
42
old world to new world
agricultural products:coffee, cane sugar, wheat,rice. Animal: Cows, horses, pigs,sheep,goats, and chickens. Diseases: Small pox, measles, dipntheria Human population: European colonists, enslaved Africans
43
old world to new world
agricultural products:coffee, cane sugar, wheat,rice. Animal: Cows, horses, pigs,sheep,goats, and chickens. Diseases: Small pox, measles, dipntheria Human population: European colonists, enslaved Africans
44
new world to old world
agricultural products: potatoes, maize, tomatoes, peanuts, tobacco, vanilla, abd chocolate. Animals: turkey Disease: syphillis
45
effects of the columbian exchange to the new world
european diseases destroyed indigenous populations. 90% of indigenous people died between 1492-1600. Horse transferred plains indians.
46
effects of the columbian exchange in europe
crops and european diet carribbbean sugar, silver, gold mines in per gave inflation to spain. Western Europe dramatic wealth gain from colonies
47
slave trade
wealth promoted triangular trading system and transatlantic slave trade. 1580-1800 Africans were the largestgroup moved to tue New World
48
triangular trade
rotation of slaves to Americas, sugar from the carriabbean to the American colonies and goods back to Europe and other colonies
49
middle passage
route from Africa to the New World Dangerous and led to deaths for many enslaved.
50
Centers of European trade
lisbon, Bristol,Antwerp, Amsterdam, and London
51
Commercial Revolution
Cash crops. Demand for sugar and other products. Land to grow it, and sugar plantations.
52
rise in capitalism
capital invested to produce more capital
53
Economic Changes
new ocean trade routes thst have spice, sugar precious metals. New food led to Growth of the population. New entrepreneurs: Merchant and bankers replaced guild workers. New industry: Print press, ship building, canons, and musket.
54
Economic effects
price revolution inflation of prices during 1500s. Gold and silver from New World, rising demand. Nations- center economic system Town and guilfd before 1500 national economic system. Joint stock companies. Huge amount of capital needed for trips; investors brought shares Mercantilist: Colonies exportstion, materials, and import of finished goods.

AP EURO (14 decks)

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