Chapter 19: French Revolution Flashcards
How did France help America in the revolution?
With army and money and saw it as a chance to get back at England
How did the American revolution affect Europe?
Declaration of independence was first Enlightenment document, and made it a reality that Enlightenment ideals could be achieved
How was France structured in the 1700s or Eighteenth century
First Estate: Clergy that owned 10 percent of the land. Exempt from Taille
Second Estate:20-30 percent of land and exempt of the taille. They were divided by nobility of the sword which was through lineage and nobility of the robe was through government office
Third Estate: Peasant made 75-80 percent of population but only 40 percent of land. More than half had little or no land to survive. 8 percent was bourgeoisie owing 25-30 percent
What other problems happened in france’s before the French Revolution?
Bad harvest triggered inflation of bread and unemployment. Debt from America revolution and no central bank
How did enlightenment ideals affect the French Revolution?
Often quoted Rousseau and Voltaire. Enlightenment ideas such as liberalism, free markets based in wealth and achievement attracted bourgeoisie and nobles
What was the convening of the Estates General?
Meeting to deal with financial collapse. Representatives from 3 eststes (liberal phase)
How did the national assembly becoems the peoples body?
third estate wanted a head vote as they could attract some nobles, but first estate declared vote by order. Third estate rejected and declared themselves National Assembly. Keep meeting until they created a new constitution which was the tennis court oath. (liberal phase)
What was the storming of the bastille
When Louis dismissed Jacques Necker, this made third estate angry. 10000 came to protest, and paris’s leader came together and created a militia. They went to bastille as it symbolized royal control and wanted the ammunition. They broke through the prison and killed the guards (liberal phase)
What was the Great Fear?
peasant upset on unfair taxes, and from July 19- August 3 prasant rebellions toon over rural areas (liberal phase)
What was the declaration of the rights of man and citizen?
August 1789 had enlightenment ideals of freedom of speech, natural rights of man, and equal access to office (liberal phase)
What was the declaration of rights of women
Olympe write that women should have same rights as man and were able to inherit property and divorce (liberal phase)
What was the March on Versailles?
Angry about price of bread and how the king was not responding. october 5 they marched demanding to see Marie and the king (liberal phase)
What was the civil constitution of the clergy?
Lands were confiscated, church was becoming secularized, bishops and priests were elected by the people and had to swear to new constitution. Pope and clergy refused this oath (liberal phase)
What was the new constitution?
1791 two types of citizens where all citizens had same civil rights, but no voting rights (liberal phase)
What did the national assembly pass?
Constitutional monarchy, metric system, and 83 departments equal to size and population(liberal phase)
What were the different political parites?
Right: supported king
Center: moderates
Left: wanted revolution the jacobins wanted to overthrow monarchy and create a republic and the Girondists involve France in war to discredit monarchy (liberal phase)
How was France in a threat of foreign invasion?
Leopold II Of Austria and Frederick the great of Prussia issue declaration of keeling absolutism in France and Europe. Legislative Assembly declared war on Austria and Prussia known as the War of the First Coalition. Recruits feared absolutism and stopped army to save revolution ( liberal phase)
What were the San Culottes?
Summer of 1792, mobs of San Culottes participated in September massacres, executing thousands of royal sympathizers, protests, bourgeoisie, aristocrats, and the beginning of Radical Phase
how does Reign of Terror begin?
Established Committee of Public Safety to defend France from enemies. Targeted foreign spies and created list of suspects. Robespierre had dictatorial power. (Radical Phase)
What were the reactions to France?
Edmund Burke warned that mob rule would lead to anarchy and military dictatorship. England, Spain, Holland, joined Austria and Prussia in First Coalition, and combined army in 1793.
What was Rule like under Robespierre?
Republic of Virtue: Nations at arms, as all men had to join. Became fanatical as he created suspects lists.
What was the Thermidorian Reaction?
Robespierre Committee of Public Safety pose a threat to everyone. In fear and to seek stability, National Convention executed Robespierre.
What was the Haitian Revolution?
Toussaint led successful slave rebellion in 1804. Abolotion of slavery and was inspired by Enlightenment ideals
how did Napoleon rise to power?
November 8, 1799, Napoleon overthrew Directory and created first consul. A lot of support after defeated Second Coalition, and became Enlightenment despot
