Chapter 26 Flashcards
What was the mood after WW1?
Mourning the loss, as people reutnre din body bags, and created a Lost Generation. The Age of Anxiety was happening.
Who were philosophers during the Age of Anxiety?
Friedrich Nietzsche forerunner of existenlism (Create your own meaning). Wrote Thus Spoke Zarathustra (1883–85) Übermensch (ideal individual who creates their own values ) the death of God( decline of religious belief)and eternal recurrence.(life repeats enternally and makes decisions they’d choose to repeat their life forever.)
What was the Russian Revolution, and its effects
They lost Russo- Japan war and accept treaty. Revolution of 1905 and bloody Sunday, revolted and accept Duma. Led Nicholas to give up throne, and set up provisional Government, Kelensky gives freedom, but Russia in war.
Bolshevick uprising, Radical changes towards communism, red army defeated White Army.
What was Lenin war communism?
Nationalized transportation, communication, banks, mines, factories, took food from peasants.
What was the New Economic Policies?
Recover after Civil War, limited capitalism, farms could operate privately. State still had major industry. Stiamte economic recovery, gain popular support,but preserve communism.
What was the Great Depression and Why did the Great Depression effect Europe
Dawes plan: America banks invested in Germany to help recover, send reparation to France and GB, but crashed when America did.
The Great Depression was caused, as America markets chased which was tied to Germany though investments
What was the Keynesian belief?
Stimulate economy during downturns, government spending should increase to boost demand and create jobs.
During booms, governments should pull back spending and possibly raise taxes to cool inflation.
What was French Popular Front?
A left-wing political alliance in France, consisting of socialists, communists, and radicals, aimed at combating the rise of fascism. Protect democracy, and had social reforms liked 40 hour work week, paid vacations, and wages increases.
What was the British national government wave of conservatism?
1931, after financial crash, economic instability, unemployment, and social unrest. Welfare cuts, and pprotectionists tariffs.
What were Sweden, denark, Norway, finalnd socialist parties?
Rural and industrial coops 40 hr communist or capitalists, social services, old age pension, housing, prenatal care, and high taxes
How did Mussolini gain power in Italy?
WWI Support: Mussolini supported Italy’s entry into WWI, leading to his expulsion from the socialist paper he edited.
Fascism: He founded the Fascist Party, capitalizing on Italy’s weak government and economy.
Political Shifts: Mussolini moved from socialist to right-wing politics, aligning with industrial leaders and landowners.
Squadristi: Armed groups that attacked socialists and used violence to advance fascism.
Allies: Worked with Catholic groups (Lateran Accords, 1929) and the Vatican.
OVRA: Mussolini’s secret police controlled opposition, including targeting young people.
March on Rome: Mussolini’s March on Rome (1922) led to him being appointed Prime Minister by King Victor Emmanuel III.
Propaganda: Mussolini used propaganda to promote his image and fascist goals, emphasizing militarism and family roles (men working, women having babies).
Outcome: Italy became a sovereign fascist state, with Catholicism playing a major role, and Mussolini’s power growing unchecked.
What did Hitler do when he was in Jail?
Had failed revolt in Beer Hall Putsch, and wrote Mein Kampf.
How was Germany before Hitler?
Weimar Republic: Faced inflation, political instability, and a reparation problem post-WWI.
What were some of Nazi policies.
Nuremberg Laws (1935): Jewish people as non citizens, no civil rights. No marriage to Jews and German.
Kristallnacht: Nazi led attacks on Jewish businesses and synagogues.
Labor Front: Controlled workers, women pushed into roles of nursing and teaching
Cult of Personality: Hitler charismatic leader, emphasizing youth involvement and loyalty.
Who were key figures in Germany?
Goebbels: Nazi propaganda minister, promoted German nationalism.
Himmler: Enforced Nazi racial policies, key architect of the Holocaust.
What was Hitler rise to power?
Joined National Socialist German Workers Party, and used Social Darwinism, promoted racial superiority of Aryan race. Hitler’s charisma, speeches, and propaganda (led by Goebbels) garnered mass support, particularly among the disillusioned working class and nationalist Germans.After the Reichstag Fire, Hitler convinced Hindenburg to pass the Enabling Act, giving him dictatorial powers and allowing him to bypass the constitution.
What was Hitler influencce and antisemitism?
Hitler’s Influence: Influenced by Social Darwinism, he joined the German Workers’ Party, later the Nazi Party.
Antisemitism: Hitler blamed Jews for Germany’s troubles, a sentiment that spread across Europe.
How did Stalin take over?
Was General Secretary of Communist party, and competed with Trotsky for leadership. he formed alliances, and undermined Trotsky influence in Red army and Communist party, and had him exiled.
What was Stalins Collectivization?
Consolidating farms into state controlled farms. Created widespread famine, that caused millions of death.
What was Stlain five year Plans
Rapidly industrializing Soviet Union and improve military strength. Focused on steel, coal, and machinery and focused on heavy industry rather than consumer goods. Often overwork, and became industrial power, but massive human suffering.
What were Stalins Purges?
The Great Purge, remove old Bolsheviks leader, military leaders, and anyone suspected of disloyalty. Secret police carried out mass arrest, and executions. Created fear, and many sent to Gulag labor camps.
What were the Guglags
Punishment for enemies of state. Cheap labor, harsh condtion like mining, logging, and construction. overcrowing, poor food, hard labor, died from disease, and starvation. Symbol of Stalin terror and repressive society.
What was the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
1939: Not to attack each other, diving Eastern Europe to sphere of influence, especially Poland. Avoid two front war, and Soviet time for strengthen military, and gain territory.
