Age of Reformation

Question 1

Who was Erasmus?

Answer 1

Wrote in praise of the folly. Critical of the catholic church. Writer, satirists, made commentary on church corruption.

Question 2

Who was Thomas More?

Answer 2

English lawyer and advisor to henry viii
Challenged traditional church leadership

Question 3

What was Martin Luther Early Life like?

Answer 3

Private struggle to find key to salvation
Catholic church taught salavation was brought through good works and faith

Question 4

What was Luther Fight against indulgences?

Answer 4

Saw johann tetzel selling indulgences and was upset about it.

Indulegences were certifications granted by the people in return for a payment of a fee to the church

Question 5

How did Luther rebel and what debates were there?

Answer 5

Delivered the 95 theses.
The main idea was that the bible was the central authority
Humans reach salvation only through faith.
Diet of Worms —> put on trial;deemed heretic

Question 6

The spread of Lutheranism

Answer 6

Lutheranism becomes a dominant religion
Religion in northern and eastern germany due to the support of nobled
Print press and new ideas inspires others

Question 7

What was the German Peasant war?

Answer 7

1525
Causes: originally supported luther, believed that this meant freedom from landlord and clergy.
Nobles seized common village land, put high taxes,led to attacks on monasteries, castle and rich farms
Luther response: Believer peasant should obey rulers
Rebellions must be crushed, asked nobility to crush rebels
Effect: strengthened the authority of germany nobility
Lutheranism allied with German nobility

Question 8

What was luther justification?

Answer 8

He believed salvation was a gift freely given by god ( justificstion by faith, sola fide)

Question 9

Lutheran religious doctrine: Transubstantiation

Answer 9

idea of drinking wine and eat bread is supposed to be drinking Jesus blood and flesh

Question 10

What did Lutheran religious scripture emphasize

Answer 10

Clergy should be allowed to marry
Bible only valid authority
Luther: all church teachings should be based on the word of god as revealed in the bible

Question 11

Lutherans religious service

Answer 11

arts to spread the word
painting and sculpture to add visuals to those who were illiterate
incorporated music into church
reduing sacraments to just baptism

Question 12

Charles V vs Valois(Francis i)

Answer 12

territorial disputes
Conflict bled to economics, politics, and religion
protestant had gone into France and gained footing, Charles V went to get them

Question 13

Charles V vs Ottoman

Answer 13

Germany served as a buffer between these two areas

Question 14

What was the Schmalkaldic League?

Answer 14

Alliance formed by German protestant princes
Maintained an army to unite the protestant against imperial attacks.
Lost the war, but Luthers idea spread

Question 15

Peace of Augsburg

Answer 15

religious civil war between Catholics(Charles V) and protestant princes (german princes)
At the end, right of every German prince to determine the religion of his state, Roman catholic or Lutheran

Question 16

Swedish Lutheran Church

Answer 16

Sweden broke off from the church and accepted Lutheranism

Question 17

Monarchs in Scandinavia

Answer 17

Kind Gustav wanted to choose his own bishops but rome said no

Question 18

Northern Europe ( Zwingli)

Answer 18

Leader of reformation in switzerland
New communion, new interpretation of bible, attacked usage of images in place of worship

Question 19

Anabaptists view on baptism as

Answer 19

rebaptizers, opposed infant baptism as only adults could be baptized

Question 20

Separation of church and state

Answer 20

rejected secular obligations
No taxes, civil oaths, public office or serve in the military Catholicd, Lutherans and Calvins all called anabaptists radical

Question 21

Reformation in England:Henry VIII

Answer 21

devout catholic who disliked Luther and called defender of the faith by the pope.
Succesion: 2nd king of tudor dynasty and wanted male heir. Catherine of Aragon did not birth son, so asked pope clement vii to annul marriage. pope could not do it bc Catherine was aunt of Charles V who occupied rome with army, so he could not meet request. (sack of rome)

Question 22

What was the act of supremacy?

Answer 22

Henry defied pope and married Anne Boleyn
Declared english king to be “protector and only supreme head of the church and clergy of england”
No papal supremacy and closed all monasteries

Question 23

Thomas Cromwell

Answer 23

Political outlook
Lutheran in his religous outlook
Personally convinced henry viii go publish English bible

Question 24

What was the book of common prayer?

Answer 24

Books of religious material for Anglican church

Question 25

What did Queen Mary do?

Answer 25

head england back towards catholism

Question 26

Elizabeth I

Answer 26

Imprisoned Mary for being supporter of protestanism
Looked for middle ground
Restored Abglican church and allowed priest to marry and sermon in english. Kept bishops and archbishops

Question 27

What was the spanish armada?

Answer 27

a huge loss as 67/130 spanish ships made it as England faster and powerful ships took them out. spain no longer had an advantage on the seas and england was empowered to control atlantic and NA

Question 28

Spread of calvinism

Answer 28

spreads to scotland presbyterian church formed
Hugenots calvinist in francr
Puriticabs Calvinist in England and new england

Question 29

Calvin’s idea

Answer 29

god is just, perfect, and omnipotent, and humans are corrupt, weak, insignificant

Question 30

Calvinism (geneva)

Answer 30

1541: protestant in geneva asked calvin to turn their city into model christian community. Calvin and calvinists regulated all aspects of life

Question 31

Calvinism ( predestination)

Answer 31

terrible decree. few people will be saved from sin and they are the elect. The elect have the duty to rule
society as to glorify god

Question 32

King Philips War

Answer 32

increase spanish power in Europe, spread catholicism, defeat ottoman turks in mediterranean
spanish netherlands rebellled by angry inqusitions and troop sent by philip. duke of alva sentenced thousands to death and inposed harsh taxes

Question 33

Popes

Answer 33

Julius ll built st peters basilica
paul lll and after reformed church practices, reaffirm papal authority, reincorporate the religouus experience

Question 34

Council of Trent

Answer 34

rejected justificstion by faith and kept salvation by faith and good works
rejected bible supremacy equal weight to scripture and traditonal catholic teachings
rejected that there were only 2 sacraments
no more indulgences
no simony
bishops has to live in dioceses where they served
veneration of relics are expression of piety
latin is language of worship

Question 35

Papal authority in council of trent

Answer 35

no act of a council could br valid unless accepted by the holy see
Papacy is center if catholic unit

Question 36

Ignatius of Loyola

Answer 36

former spanish soldier who was injured and went through relgiois venerations
saw him as a soldier of christ and dedicated his life to fight for the people and catholic chruch
wrote spiritual exercises mediation prsyer and study

Question 37

society of jesus

Answer 37

formally authorized as a new order in 1540 by pope paul lll
Jesuits lee by ignatus were a spiritual army
Catholics education: hundred of schools founded for middle and upper class boys
missionary work: preached in americas and asia
Combat protestanism revisl of catholicism in bavaria, netherlands, and poland

Question 38

nuns

Answer 38

ursuline order of nims
relgious educstion and training to young girls
christisn education in france

Question 39

teresa de avila

Answer 39

major spanish leader in reforms for monasteries and coventd
preached individuals could use prayer to establish firect relationship with god

Question 40

women role

Answer 40

beleived that christian women shlould strive to br models of
obedience and christian charity