Chapter 2: Theories and Therapies Flashcards
Difference between psychological theories and therapies
Theories help us explain behavior while therapies are treatments based on these theories
Difference between conscious, preconscious, and unconscious
Conscious: feelings, perceptions, memories, thoughts, fantasies, feeling’s
Pre-conscious (Ego): material that can be retrieved easily through conscious effort
Superego
Unconscious (Id): Repressed memories, passions, unacceptable urges, trauma.
Define transference
unconscious feelings that the patient has towards a healthcare worker that were originally felt in childhood for a significant other. It could be affectionate or hostile.
Define countertransference
unconcious feelings the healthcare worker has towards the patient.
Difference between psychodynamic therapy and psychoanalysis
Therapy focuses on the now rather than the past. Easier to make breakthroughs but pt needs to be “worried well” (have clear area of difficulty and are intelligent, psychologically minded, and well-motivated for change).
Describe interpersonal therapy
Short term therapy that works by concentrating on improving social relationships. Ex: grief/loss, interpersonal disputes, role transition
Who is Hildegard Peplau?
First systematic theoretical framework for psychiatric nursing called Interpersonal relations in nursing. Nurse-pt relationship is the foundation of nursing practice. Nurses dont do things TO their patients they do things WITH their patients. Illness offers a unique opportunity for experiential learning, personal growth, and improved coping strategies.
Describe behavioral therapy (Watson)
Freud is wrong, your personality isnt set in stone by age 5. if you change your behavior through conditioning you change your personality. John Watson’s make a loud noise when a baby reaches for a rat
Whats classical conditioning
Pavlov’s dogs.
Difference between operant conditioning (Skinner) and classical conditioning
Operant: Skinner tortured rats in “Skinners Box”. positive reinforcement=switch hit food released. negative reinforcement =shocks a rat and switch turns it off
Classical: neural stimulus (bell, coleslaw smell) illicit physical response (salivating, wretching)
Define extinction
I try to tell a joke. No one laughs. I think I’m not funny so I stop telling jokes.
Rude teacher ignores a kid begging for attention because it’ll make the kid stop
Define modeling
Show how they should act so they can copy it. Can do role play.
Define operant conditioning
use positive reinforcements to increase desired behaviors. Child starts acting up in the grocery store:
Give them candy to shut them up=positively reinforce behavior
Scold them publicly=positively reinforce behavior
Ignore them and wait to give them attention when theyre acting appropriately= Positive reward for appropriate behavior
Define exposure therapy
Expose person to mental affliction little by little. Imaginal: remember your encounters with spiders In vivo: Go see live spiders in a museum. Virtual reality: VR goggles
Define aversion therapy
Pair target behavior with negative stimulus. Bitter substances on nails for nail biters. Vomit when you shoplift.
