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Psych > Chapter 1: Foundations > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Foundations Flashcards

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1
Q

Define mental health

A

a state of well being in which indv reach their own potential, cope with the normal stresses of life, work productively, an contribute to the community.

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1
Q

Define mental illness

A

refers to all psychiatric disorders that have definable dx. Disorders manifested in significant dysfunctions that may be related to developmental, biological, or psychological disturbances in mental functioning

Disorders with definable diagnosis
Significant dysfunction in mental functioning
related to
-Developmental
- Biological
- Physiological disturbances
Culturally defined

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2
Q

What is SAMHSA

A

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

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3
Q

What percentage of American adults experience mental illness

A

21% or 1 in 5

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4
Q

What age has the highest level of mental illness with a prevalence of about 24%?

A

18-25 year olds

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5
Q

Describe the mental health continuum

A

One side is mental health (sense of well being, high functioning), the other side is mental illness (Indv with mild-mod mental discomfort distress generally temporary Ex: mild repression, generalized anxiety disorder, ADD)

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6
Q

What three things contribute to mental health and wellbeing?

A
  1. Individual attributes and behaviors
  2. Social and economic circumstances
  3. Environmental factors
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7
Q

Define resilience

A

the willingness and capacity to support their own wellbeing

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8
Q

define stigma

A

the belief that the overall person is flawed

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9
Q

What is the most accepted explanation for mental illness?

A

The diathesis-stress model: diathesis: nature, stress: nurture

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10
Q

What is SAMSHA’s definition of recovery?

A

a process of change through which individuals improve their health and wellness, live a self directed life, and strive to reach their full potential.

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11
Q

What are the 10 guiding principles of recovery?

A
  1. recovery emerges from hope
  2. recovery is person driven
  3. recovery occurs through many pathways
  4. recovery is holistic
  5. recovery is supported by peers and allies
  6. recovery is supported through relationships and social networks
  7. recovery is culturally based and influenced
  8. recovery is supported by addressing trauma
  9. recovery involved individual, family, and community strengths and responsibility
  10. recovery is based on respect
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12
Q

When was the decade of mental health

A

1990 also known as decade of the brain

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13
Q

Who are QSEN

A

Quality and safety education for nurses promote the following key areas of care:

Patient centered

Teamwork and collaboration

evidence based practice

quality improvement

safety

informatics

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14
Q

define epidemiology as it applies to mental health

A

the quantitative study of the distribution of mental disorders in human populations

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15
Q

define comorbidity

A

the presence of two or more disorders that occur at the same time or i sequence. Ex: diabetes and schizophrenia due to the ide effects of antipsychotic medications

16
Q

Describe the difference between incidence and prevalence

A

Incidence conveys info about the risks of contracting a disease. it refers to the number f new cases of mental disorders in a healthy population within a given period of time, usually annually.

Prevalence describes the total number of cases, new and existing, in a given population during a specific period of time, regardless of when they became ill.

17
Q

what are the two major systems of classification in the US

A

The Diagnostic Statistic manual (DSM) of the American Psychiatric Association (APA). Latest edition released in 2013 called the DSM-5.

The International Classification of Diseases with a clinical modification (ICD-10-CM)

18
Q

what are 4 traits of someone who is mentally healthy?

A

 Able to recognize own potential
 Cope with normal stress
 Work productively
 Make contribution to community

19
Q

Define resilience

A

Ability and capacity to secure resources needed
to support well-being
 Characterized by
 Optimism
 Sense of mastery
 Competence
 Essential to recovery

20
Q

What are risk factors of mental illness?

A

inborn vulnerability, poor social environment, economic hardship, poor health policy

21
Q

What is the main protective factor from mental illness

A

Resiliency

22
Q

Mental Health Parity Act (1996)

A

 Parity = Equivalence
 Required insurance companies to provide equal
treatment coverage for psychiatric disorders

DIDNT WORK

23
Q

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

A
  • Coverage for most uninsured Americans through
    expanded Medicaid eligibility (for very poor)
  • insurances CAN’T MAKE YOU HAVE A HIGHER PREMIUM OR NOT PAY DUE TO PREXISTING CONDITION
  • Created health insurance exchanges to offer more
    choices
  • “Insurance mandate” for coverage
  • Mental health is considered an essential benefit that has no annual or lifetime dollar limits
  • insurance coverage until age 26
24
Q

What is the leading cause of disability
in U.S. at 6.7% prevalence over 12 months

A

Major depressive disorder

25
Q

When is generalized anxiety disorder risk the highest?

A

Generalized anxiety: 3.1% prevalence over 12
months; risk is highest between childhood and middle
age

26
Q

When does panic disorder usually begin?

A

Panic disorder: 2.7% prevalence over 12 months;
typically begins in adolescence; 1 in 3 develop
agoraphobia

27
Q

T/F: Schizophrenia affects more men than women

A

False; Schizophrenia: 1.1% prevalence over 12 months;
affects men and women equally

28
Q

What is clinical epidemiology?

A

Groups treated for specific mental disorders
studied for
 Natural history of illness
 Diagnostic screening tests
 Interventions
Results used to describe frequency of
 Mental disorders
 Symptoms appearing together

29
Q

Difference between DSM-5 and ICD-10_CM

A

DSM-5 Official medical guidelines of the American
Psychiatric Association for diagnosing
psychiatric disorders

ICD-10_CM: Clinical descriptions of mental and behavior
disorders
 2 broad classifications
 Subclassifications

30
Q

Describe the four major traits of Psychiatric Mental Health Nurses

A

 Promoting mental health through assessment,
diagnosis, and treatment of behavioral and
mental disorders
 Use nursing, psychosocial, neurobiological
theories and research
 Work with people throughout the life span
 Employed in a variety of settings and among
varied populations

Psych (26 decks)

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