Chapter 1: Foundations Flashcards
Define mental health
a state of well being in which indv reach their own potential, cope with the normal stresses of life, work productively, an contribute to the community.
Define mental illness
refers to all psychiatric disorders that have definable dx. Disorders manifested in significant dysfunctions that may be related to developmental, biological, or psychological disturbances in mental functioning
Disorders with definable diagnosis
Significant dysfunction in mental functioning
related to
-Developmental
- Biological
- Physiological disturbances
Culturally defined
What is SAMHSA
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
What percentage of American adults experience mental illness
21% or 1 in 5
What age has the highest level of mental illness with a prevalence of about 24%?
18-25 year olds
Describe the mental health continuum
One side is mental health (sense of well being, high functioning), the other side is mental illness (Indv with mild-mod mental discomfort distress generally temporary Ex: mild repression, generalized anxiety disorder, ADD)
What three things contribute to mental health and wellbeing?
- Individual attributes and behaviors
- Social and economic circumstances
- Environmental factors
Define resilience
the willingness and capacity to support their own wellbeing
define stigma
the belief that the overall person is flawed
What is the most accepted explanation for mental illness?
The diathesis-stress model: diathesis: nature, stress: nurture
What is SAMSHA’s definition of recovery?
a process of change through which individuals improve their health and wellness, live a self directed life, and strive to reach their full potential.
What are the 10 guiding principles of recovery?
- recovery emerges from hope
- recovery is person driven
- recovery occurs through many pathways
- recovery is holistic
- recovery is supported by peers and allies
- recovery is supported through relationships and social networks
- recovery is culturally based and influenced
- recovery is supported by addressing trauma
- recovery involved individual, family, and community strengths and responsibility
- recovery is based on respect
When was the decade of mental health
1990 also known as decade of the brain
Who are QSEN
Quality and safety education for nurses promote the following key areas of care:
Patient centered
Teamwork and collaboration
evidence based practice
quality improvement
safety
informatics
define epidemiology as it applies to mental health
the quantitative study of the distribution of mental disorders in human populations
define comorbidity
the presence of two or more disorders that occur at the same time or i sequence. Ex: diabetes and schizophrenia due to the ide effects of antipsychotic medications
Describe the difference between incidence and prevalence
Incidence conveys info about the risks of contracting a disease. it refers to the number f new cases of mental disorders in a healthy population within a given period of time, usually annually.
Prevalence describes the total number of cases, new and existing, in a given population during a specific period of time, regardless of when they became ill.
what are the two major systems of classification in the US
The Diagnostic Statistic manual (DSM) of the American Psychiatric Association (APA). Latest edition released in 2013 called the DSM-5.
The International Classification of Diseases with a clinical modification (ICD-10-CM)
what are 4 traits of someone who is mentally healthy?
Able to recognize own potential
Cope with normal stress
Work productively
Make contribution to community
Define resilience
Ability and capacity to secure resources needed
to support well-being
Characterized by
Optimism
Sense of mastery
Competence
Essential to recovery
What are risk factors of mental illness?
inborn vulnerability, poor social environment, economic hardship, poor health policy
What is the main protective factor from mental illness
Resiliency
Mental Health Parity Act (1996)
Parity = Equivalence
Required insurance companies to provide equal
treatment coverage for psychiatric disorders
DIDNT WORK
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
- Coverage for most uninsured Americans through
expanded Medicaid eligibility (for very poor) - insurances CAN’T MAKE YOU HAVE A HIGHER PREMIUM OR NOT PAY DUE TO PREXISTING CONDITION
- Created health insurance exchanges to offer more
choices - “Insurance mandate” for coverage
- Mental health is considered an essential benefit that has no annual or lifetime dollar limits
- insurance coverage until age 26
