Chapter 2 Memory - Coding, capacity & duration of memory

Question 1

Research on coding - Word recall of similar/dissimilar words?

Answer 1

Baddeley: acoustic in STM, semantic in LTM.

Question 2

Evaluations of research on coding? (SL)

Answer 2

• Separate memory stores (S)
• Artifical stimuli (L)

Question 3

Evaluation of research on coding - Separate memory stores? (S)

Answer 3

Identified STM & LTM, supporting multi-store model.

Question 4

Evaluation of research on coding - Artificial stimuli? (L)

Answer 4

Word lists had no personal meaning.

Question 5

Research on capacity - Digit span?

Answer 5

Jacobs: 9.3 digits, 7.3 letters.

Question 6

Research on capacity - Span of memory & chunking?

Answer 6

Miller: 7 (+ or -) 2, putting items together extends STM capacity.

Question 7

Evaluations of research on capacity? (SL)

Answer 7

• A valid study (S)
• Not so many chunks (L)

Question 8

Evaluation of research on capacity - A valid study? (S)

Answer 8

Later studies replicated findings (e.g. Bopp & Verhaeghen), so valid test of digit span.

Question 9

Evaluation of research on capacity - Not so many chunks? (L)

Answer 9

Miller overestimated STM, only four chunks (Cowan).

Question 10

Research on duration - Duration of STM?

Answer 10

Peterson & Peterson: about 18 seconds without rehearsal.

Question 11

Research on duration - Duration of LTM?

Answer 11

Bahrick et al. (yearbooks): face recognition 90%, free recall 60% (15 years).
Face recognition 70%, free recall 30% (48 years).

Question 12

Evaluations of research on duration? (LS)

Answer 12

• Meaningless stimuli in STM study (L)
• High external validity (S)

Question 13

Evaluation of research on duration - Meaningless stimuli in STM study? (L)

Answer 13

Petersons used consonant syllables, lacks external validity.

Question 14

Evaluation of research on duration - High external validity? (S)

Answer 14

Bahrick et al. used meaningful materials, better/higher recall than studies with meaningless stimuli (e.g. Shephard).