Chapter 2: Cells Participate in Inflammation Flashcards
what is luekocyte emigration?
large outpouring of WBC’s from the blood
proceess takes about 10 minutes
during inflammation, where does the emmigration occcur?
post cappillary venules
what is diapedesis?
passive escape of RBC’s that move outside the vessel
where are WBC’s located in normal laminar bllod flow?
in the center
what happens to the distribution of cells upon injury?
RBC’s become larger and move to center and WBC’s move to the periphy
what is pavementing?
WBC’s adherence to the endothelial cells surfaces
where does leukocyte emigration take place?
only in the post capillary venules
what are the 5 polymorphonuclear cells?
Basophil
eosinophil
neutraphil
monocytes
lyphocytes
What is the most common WBC?
neutraphil 55-60%
what is the life span of the neutraphil?
8 hrs -3 days
how many lobes does a neutraphil have?
2-5 lobes
which cell releases histamine?
basophil cell with mast cells
what is phagocytosis?
in the process of exudate, engulfment of the bacteria
exocytosis
which cells are professional presenting cells?
macrophage
monocytes
basophils
neutraphils
what is oxygen independent enzymes of macrophaes?
lysozyme
lactoferin
defensin
elastase
what is the fuhction of lactoferin?
reduces free iron necessary for mitosis in mnay bacteria
what/where is defensins produced?
anitbody like substance produced in lysosomes of neutraphils
what is the fx of elasetase?
degrades callogen and elastin; removes intracellualr debris
what is oxygen dependent killing?
production of oxygen free radicals; hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, hydroxial radicals so called “single-oxygen”
what is chronic granulomatous?
rare gentic disoer in phagocytic killing that is due to the impairment of oxygen free radicals
NADPH deficiency
x-linked plasma membrane defect
what is chediak-Higashi syndrome?
defect in both motlity and degranulation
cannot go to site of inflmmation on time
cannot degranulate
How and where is histamine released?
at the site of inflammation and release by mast/basophils cells in response to physical injury
Type I hypersensivity reaction
what is the function of histamine?
vasodilation
increased permeability
brochospasm
increase mucous secretion
what is the fx of anaphylotoxins?
3Ca and 5Ca causes degranualtion
what is the fx of serotonine?
fx is similar to histamine
released after exposed to callogen in the basement membrane, ADP, thrombin
what is the function of substance P neuropeptide
transmission of pain signals
regulation of blood pressure
powerful mediator of increased vascular permeability
where is substance P produced?
periphal nervous and CNS
lungs and gastro-intestinal nervous tissue
what could trigger degranulation of a mast cell?
cold, heat, trauma, encounter with foreign substances
what receptor does histamine bind to?
H1 receptor
who/what releases serotonin?
platelets when they encounter collagen in the basement membrane
