Chapter 2: Cells Participate in Inflammation

Question 1

what is luekocyte emigration?

Answer 1

large outpouring of WBC’s from the blood

proceess takes about 10 minutes

Question 2

during inflammation, where does the emmigration occcur?

Answer 2

post cappillary venules

Question 3

what is diapedesis?

Answer 3

passive escape of RBC’s that move outside the vessel

Question 4

where are WBC’s located in normal laminar bllod flow?

Answer 4

in the center

Question 5

what happens to the distribution of cells upon injury?

Answer 5

RBC’s become larger and move to center and WBC’s move to the periphy

Question 6

what is pavementing?

Answer 6

WBC’s adherence to the endothelial cells surfaces

Question 7

where does leukocyte emigration take place?

Answer 7

only in the post capillary venules

Question 8

what are the 5 polymorphonuclear cells?

Answer 8

Basophil
eosinophil
neutraphil

monocytes
lyphocytes

Question 9

What is the most common WBC?

Answer 9

neutraphil 55-60%

Question 10

what is the life span of the neutraphil?

Answer 10

8 hrs -3 days

Question 11

how many lobes does a neutraphil have?

Answer 11

2-5 lobes

Question 12

which cell releases histamine?

Answer 12

basophil cell with mast cells

Question 13

what is phagocytosis?

Answer 13

in the process of exudate, engulfment of the bacteria

exocytosis

Question 14

which cells are professional presenting cells?

Answer 14

macrophage
monocytes
basophils
neutraphils

Question 15

what is oxygen independent enzymes of macrophaes?

Answer 15

lysozyme
lactoferin
defensin
elastase

Question 16

what is the fuhction of lactoferin?

Answer 16

reduces free iron necessary for mitosis in mnay bacteria

Question 17

what/where is defensins produced?

Answer 17

anitbody like substance produced in lysosomes of neutraphils

Question 18

what is the fx of elasetase?

Answer 18

degrades callogen and elastin; removes intracellualr debris

Question 19

what is oxygen dependent killing?

Answer 19

production of oxygen free radicals; hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, hydroxial radicals so called “single-oxygen”

Question 20

what is chronic granulomatous?

Answer 20

rare gentic disoer in phagocytic killing that is due to the impairment of oxygen free radicals

NADPH deficiency

x-linked plasma membrane defect

Question 21

what is chediak-Higashi syndrome?

Answer 21

defect in both motlity and degranulation

cannot go to site of inflmmation on time

cannot degranulate

Question 22

How and where is histamine released?

Answer 22

at the site of inflammation and release by mast/basophils cells in response to physical injury

Type I hypersensivity reaction

Question 23

what is the function of histamine?

Answer 23

vasodilation
increased permeability
brochospasm
increase mucous secretion

Question 24

what is the fx of anaphylotoxins?

Answer 24

3Ca and 5Ca causes degranualtion

Question 25

what is the fx of serotonine?

Answer 25

fx is similar to histamine

released after exposed to callogen in the basement membrane, ADP, thrombin

Question 26

what is the function of substance P neuropeptide

Answer 26

transmission of pain signals

regulation of blood pressure

powerful mediator of increased vascular permeability

Question 27

where is substance P produced?

Answer 27

periphal nervous and CNS

lungs and gastro-intestinal nervous tissue

Question 28

what could trigger degranulation of a mast cell?

Answer 28

cold, heat, trauma, encounter with foreign substances

Question 29

what receptor does histamine bind to?

Answer 29

H1 receptor

Question 30

who/what releases serotonin?

Answer 30

platelets when they encounter collagen in the basement membrane