Chapter 04: Healing P. 63-70: 75-76

Question 1

what is healing?

Answer 1

restoration of structure, strength and sotimes function

Question 2

Most oragns are formed by?

Answer 2

parenchyma

Question 3

What are parenchyma bound together by?

Answer 3

supported by connective tissue and blood vessels that combine to form the stroma

Question 4

What is the process called when tissue is replaced by parenchyma?

Answer 4

regeneration

Question 5

what is the process called when replaced by fibrous scar tissue?

Answer 5

repair

Question 6

cells lost through injury may be replaced by ___.

Answer 6

mitosis

Question 7

why is regeneration ideal response to tissue lost?

Answer 7

new tissue assumes normal functions

Question 8

what are the three types of regeneration patterns?

Answer 8

labile
stable
permanent

Question 9

what is the fx of labile tissue?

Answer 9

must divide continually to replace cells that are constantly being depleted by normal processes

Question 10

what is an example of liable tissue?

Answer 10

epethila of the skin

Question 11

what is the function of stable tissue?

Answer 11

cells divide, but slowly, when normal development is complete

Question 12

stable tissue can ___ their mitosis rate when damaged tissue must be replaced.

Answer 12

increase

Question 13

what are examples of stable tissue?

Answer 13

osteoblast, smooth muscle fibers, and vascular endothelium

Question 14

what is the significant factor of regenration?

Answer 14

can produce tissue with nearly normal function or with some degree of functional loss

Question 15

what is the pattern of permenant regeneration

Answer 15

loss of permanent tissue usually results in functional loss

Question 16

what is an example of permenant tissue tissue?

Answer 16

nervous and cardiac tissue

Question 17

what is the process of healing by repair?

Answer 17

laying down fibrous connective tissue to restore strength and structural integrity of damaged tissue that cannot regenerate

Question 18

strong callogen rich replace,ent tissue forms a ___.

Answer 18

scar by process of fibrosis

Question 19

what cell is specialized to form callogen fibers?

Answer 19

fibroblast

Question 20

where is fibroblast present?

Answer 20

in CT of oragns stroma

Question 21

what is the fundamental subunit of collagen?

Answer 21

procollagen

Question 22

how long is collagen weak?

Answer 22

for about 5 post injury days

then it will gain strength

Question 23

how does collagen gain its strength?

Answer 23

cross linking with adjascent fibers

Question 24

where does the process of scarring occur?

Answer 24

ECM

Question 25

what are the two elastic fibers contained in the ECM?

Answer 25

glycoproteins and proteoglycans

Question 26

what are glycoproteins made of?

Answer 26

protein and small number of sugar units

Question 27

what are proteoglycans made of?

Answer 27

proteins and dominant carbohydrate unit

Question 28

whar is the former name of proteoglycans?

Answer 28

muccopolysaccharides

Question 29

what is plasma fibrinigen get converted into?

Answer 29

fibrin

Question 30

what does fibrin form at the site if injury?

Answer 30

mesh that entraps blood cells and tissue debris

Question 31

what is the gelled mesh known as?

Answer 31

clot

Question 32

what is the removal of the clot by phagocytosis known as? as?

Answer 32

organization

Question 33

whar is the production of new blood vessels to supply and drain the site of damage?

Answer 33

revascularization/angiogenesis

Question 34

what color does exudate take when blood vessels develop at damaged site?

Answer 34

pink and granular appearance

Question 35

What is the pink granular tisssue called?

Answer 35

granulation tissue

Question 36

What is repaired dependent on?

Answer 36

granulation tissue

Question 37

what does lumen formation involve?

Answer 37

enlargement, mitosis, and vacuolation

Question 38

what restores nervous control of the new vessels?

Answer 38

revacularization links to vasomotor neurons

Question 39

how does surface restoration occur?

Answer 39

newly formed cells migrate across the wound surface

Question 40

how is surface restoration possible?

Answer 40

epithelial tissue is labile hence readily able to supply replacement cells by mitosis

Question 41

what is primary healing by first intention?

Answer 41

wound edges lie close together

Question 42

what is the maximum strength a scar will receive?

Answer 42

70-80 % after 3 months

Question 43

what is an example of primary healing wound?

Answer 43

surgical incision

Question 44

what are characteristics of secondary healing?

Answer 44

edges are not closely oppsed ex. wound in gastrointestinal tract

Question 45

what specialized cell is onnly found in secondary healing?

Answer 45

myofibroblast

Question 46

What characteristic does a myofibroblast exhibit?

Answer 46

contractile capability possibly from pericytes

Question 47

how do myofibroblast align themselves?

Answer 47

contract in a direction of right angles to the wound margin

Question 48

what is contracture?

Answer 48

newly formed callogen demonstrates an exagerrated wound contraction as it matures pronounced tissue distortion

Question 49

give an example when contracture would occur?

Answer 49

would follow after burns to the skin

Question 50

what is a stricture?

Answer 50

occurs on the walls of tubular organs

Question 51

give an example of when stricture would happen?

Answer 51

infertility in females is the result of stricture that follows veneral disease

Question 52

what is an adhension?

Answer 52

joining of serous membranes

Question 53

what is the major effect of adhensions?

Answer 53

restriction of movement in structures that must move freely

Question 54

what is dehscnce?

Answer 54

is the breaking open of a wound

Question 55

what is the MC site of dihescent wounds?

Answer 55

abdominal wall

Question 56

what is another factor that would contribute to dehscence?

Answer 56

any comprimise of callogen formation such as defiency of vitamin C

Question 57

what is a herniation?

Answer 57

displacement of a body organ from its normal position

Question 58

what is a keliod?

Answer 58

irregular masses of scar tissue that protrude from the surface of the skin

Question 59

what produces keliods?

Answer 59

the release of TGF-B (transforming growth factor beta)

Question 60

what is proud flesh?

Answer 60

the over of granulation tissue

Question 61

what is the the condition, proud flesh, somtimes referred to as?

Answer 61

exuberant granulations