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Pathology I > Chapter 04: Healing P. 63-70: 75-76 > Flashcards

Chapter 04: Healing P. 63-70: 75-76 Flashcards

1
Q

what is healing?

A

restoration of structure, strength and sotimes function

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2
Q

Most oragns are formed by?

A

parenchyma

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3
Q

What are parenchyma bound together by?

A

supported by connective tissue and blood vessels that combine to form the stroma

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4
Q

What is the process called when tissue is replaced by parenchyma?

A

regeneration

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5
Q

what is the process called when replaced by fibrous scar tissue?

A

repair

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6
Q

cells lost through injury may be replaced by ___.

A

mitosis

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7
Q

why is regeneration ideal response to tissue lost?

A

new tissue assumes normal functions

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8
Q

what are the three types of regeneration patterns?

A

labile
stable
permanent

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9
Q

what is the fx of labile tissue?

A

must divide continually to replace cells that are constantly being depleted by normal processes

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10
Q

what is an example of liable tissue?

A

epethila of the skin

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11
Q

what is the function of stable tissue?

A

cells divide, but slowly, when normal development is complete

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12
Q

stable tissue can ___ their mitosis rate when damaged tissue must be replaced.

A

increase

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13
Q

what are examples of stable tissue?

A

osteoblast, smooth muscle fibers, and vascular endothelium

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14
Q

what is the significant factor of regenration?

A

can produce tissue with nearly normal function or with some degree of functional loss

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15
Q

what is the pattern of permenant regeneration

A

loss of permanent tissue usually results in functional loss

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16
Q

what is an example of permenant tissue tissue?

A

nervous and cardiac tissue

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17
Q

what is the process of healing by repair?

A

laying down fibrous connective tissue to restore strength and structural integrity of damaged tissue that cannot regenerate

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18
Q

strong callogen rich replace,ent tissue forms a ___.

A

scar by process of fibrosis

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19
Q

what cell is specialized to form callogen fibers?

A

fibroblast

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20
Q

where is fibroblast present?

A

in CT of oragns stroma

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21
Q

what is the fundamental subunit of collagen?

A

procollagen

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22
Q

how long is collagen weak?

A

for about 5 post injury days

then it will gain strength

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23
Q

how does collagen gain its strength?

A

cross linking with adjascent fibers

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24
Q

where does the process of scarring occur?

A

ECM

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25
Q

what are the two elastic fibers contained in the ECM?

A

glycoproteins and proteoglycans

26
Q

what are glycoproteins made of?

A

protein and small number of sugar units

27
Q

what are proteoglycans made of?

A

proteins and dominant carbohydrate unit

28
Q

whar is the former name of proteoglycans?

A

muccopolysaccharides

29
Q

what is plasma fibrinigen get converted into?

A

fibrin

30
Q

what does fibrin form at the site if injury?

A

mesh that entraps blood cells and tissue debris

31
Q

what is the gelled mesh known as?

A

clot

32
Q

what is the removal of the clot by phagocytosis known as? as?

A

organization

33
Q

whar is the production of new blood vessels to supply and drain the site of damage?

A

revascularization/angiogenesis

34
Q

what color does exudate take when blood vessels develop at damaged site?

A

pink and granular appearance

35
Q

What is the pink granular tisssue called?

A

granulation tissue

36
Q

What is repaired dependent on?

A

granulation tissue

37
Q

what does lumen formation involve?

A

enlargement, mitosis, and vacuolation

38
Q

what restores nervous control of the new vessels?

A

revacularization links to vasomotor neurons

39
Q

how does surface restoration occur?

A

newly formed cells migrate across the wound surface

40
Q

how is surface restoration possible?

A

epithelial tissue is labile hence readily able to supply replacement cells by mitosis

41
Q

what is primary healing by first intention?

A

wound edges lie close together

42
Q

what is the maximum strength a scar will receive?

A

70-80 % after 3 months

43
Q

what is an example of primary healing wound?

A

surgical incision

44
Q

what are characteristics of secondary healing?

A

edges are not closely oppsed

ex. wound in gastrointestinal tract

45
Q

what specialized cell is onnly found in secondary healing?

A

myofibroblast

46
Q

What characteristic does a myofibroblast exhibit?

A

contractile capability

possibly from pericytes

47
Q

how do myofibroblast align themselves?

A

contract in a direction of right angles to the wound margin

48
Q

what is contracture?

A

newly formed callogen demonstrates an exagerrated wound contraction as it matures

pronounced tissue distortion

49
Q

give an example when contracture would occur?

A

would follow after burns to the skin

50
Q

what is a stricture?

A

occurs on the walls of tubular organs

51
Q

give an example of when stricture would happen?

A

infertility in females is the result of stricture that follows veneral disease

52
Q

what is an adhension?

A

joining of serous membranes

53
Q

what is the major effect of adhensions?

A

restriction of movement in structures that must move freely

54
Q

what is dehscnce?

A

is the breaking open of a wound

55
Q

what is the MC site of dihescent wounds?

A

abdominal wall

56
Q

what is another factor that would contribute to dehscence?

A

any comprimise of callogen formation

such as defiency of vitamin C

57
Q

what is a herniation?

A

displacement of a body organ from its normal position

58
Q

what is a keliod?

A

irregular masses of scar tissue that protrude from the surface of the skin

59
Q

what produces keliods?

A

the release of TGF-B (transforming growth factor beta)

60
Q

what is proud flesh?

A

the over of granulation tissue

61
Q

what is the the condition, proud flesh, somtimes referred to as?

A

exuberant granulations

Pathology I (21 decks)

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