Chapter 06 Neoplasia

Question 1

what is neoplasia?

Answer 1

new tissue formation; involves an overgrowth of tissue to form a neoplastic mass or tumor

Question 2

what is hyperplasia?

Answer 2

growth happens with repsonse to a particular stimuli and only in limited numbers

Question 3

what is an example of hyperplasia?

Answer 3

focal hyperplasia of the epidermis is a response to increased pressure and friction to the skins surface

Question 4

Give another example of hyperplasia?

Answer 4

ex. endometrail hyperplasia plays a role in normal menstraul cycle
ex. swollen lymphnodes

Question 5

what is metaplasia?

Answer 5

is the conversion of one cell type to another

Question 6

give an example of metaplasia?

Answer 6

respiratory epithelium usually undergoes metaplasia in repsonse to inhaled irritants

cigarette smoke or industrial pollutents

Question 7

what is dysplasia?

Answer 7

seen in epithelial when irritation is more severe and prolonged

Question 8

what is pleomorphism?

Answer 8

tougher replacement tissue; its achitecture is disordered and cells demonstrate varaible size and shape

Question 9

what is aplasia?

Answer 9

lack of organ develpoment

Question 10

what is hypolasia?

Answer 10

development that is inadequate

Question 11

what is a factor in tumor growth?

Answer 11

the imbalace between growth inhibitionand growth stimuli = overgrowth

Question 12

what is autonomous growth?

Answer 12

growing independently without usual restraints

Question 13

what is the study of tumors?

Answer 13

oncology

Question 14

what is a benign tumor?

Answer 14

the growth is relatively slow and orderly and tumor rermains local

Question 15

what is a malignant tumor?

Answer 15

characterized by rapid growth and by agressive invasion into normal adjascent tissue

Question 16

what does cancer mean?

Answer 16

latin for crab; crab claw appearance in some tumors

Question 17

what is a benign glandular tumor called?

Answer 17

adenoma

Question 18

what is benign tumor in the bone called?

Answer 18

osteoma

Question 19

What does ectoderm line?

Answer 19

outlayer of surface of body

Question 20

what does endoderm line?

Answer 20

internal surfaces

Question 21

what tissue do malignant tumors arise from?

Answer 21

carcinomas

Question 22

what are malignant glandular tumors called?

Answer 22

adenocarcinomas

Question 23

what is a cystademoma?

Answer 23

pocket of cyst secreted by adenoma

Question 24

what tissue do malignant tumors derive from?

Answer 24

mesoderm

called sarcomas

Question 25

what are tumors called derived from cartilage?

Answer 25

chondroma

Question 26

what are malignant tumors called derived from fibrous CT?

Answer 26

fibrosarcoma

Question 27

what is the name when cells become neoplastic in the deepest layer?

Answer 27

basal cell carcinoma

Question 28

what is the name when cells become neoplastic near the surface of the skin?

Answer 28

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 29

NEOPLASTIC TISSUE

Answer 29

NEOPLASTIC TISSUE

Question 30

when is degree of resemblence greater?

Answer 30

in benign tumors

Question 31

what describes a highly pleomorphic tumor(varies in shape and size)?

Answer 31

malignant tumor

Question 32

what do malignant cells demonstrate a greater use of?

Answer 32

anaerobic glycolosis

Question 33

what reflects a pattern of change from a previous cell?

Answer 33

anaplasia

Question 34

Cases in which there is a lack of resemblence to embryonic tissue?

Answer 34

Giant cell tumor

Question 35

FIBROUS STROMA

Answer 35

FIBROUS STROMA

Question 36

What is characteristic of sarcomas?

Answer 36

soft fleshy consistency

Question 37

what is characteristic of scirrhous tumor?

Answer 37

stromal response is exaggerated and densely collagenous tumor, hard to the touch

Question 38

VASCULAR STROMA

Answer 38

VASCULAR STROMA

Question 39

WHAT IS VASCULAR STROMA?

Answer 39

blood vessels within a tumor

Question 40

whan does a tumor requie additional blood supply?

Answer 40

about 1mm

Question 41

what is the process of new vessel formation in a tumor called?

Answer 41

angiogensis

Question 42

what is VEGF and its function?

Answer 42

vascular endothelial growth factor fx: supports the growth of ther tumor

Question 43

what are characteristics of vascualr stroma?

Answer 43

loose endothelial junctions and may lack basement membrane

Question 44

TUMOR PRODUCTS

Answer 44

TUMOR PRODUCTS

Question 45

what does a squamous cell carcinoma produce?

Answer 45

excessive keratin

Question 46

how may a tumors diagnosis be aided?

Answer 46

overproduction of enzyme

Question 47

what are examples of secreting large quantitiesof serous fluid?

Answer 47

serous tumors

Question 48

what does an overproduction of mucous lead to?

Answer 48

gelatinous texture of muciod tumor

Question 49

what is the rate of growth of a benign tumor?

Answer 49

more rapidly than nnormal tissue but more slowly than malignant tumor

Question 50

what is a distinct characteristic of a benign tumor?

Answer 50

presence of fibrous connective tissue capsule that surrounds the tumor mass