Chapter 06 Neoplasia Flashcards
what is neoplasia?
new tissue formation; involves an overgrowth of tissue to form a neoplastic mass or tumor
what is hyperplasia?
growth happens with repsonse to a particular stimuli and only in limited numbers
what is an example of hyperplasia?
focal hyperplasia of the epidermis is a response to increased pressure and friction to the skins surface
Give another example of hyperplasia?
ex. endometrail hyperplasia plays a role in normal menstraul cycle
ex. swollen lymphnodes
what is metaplasia?
is the conversion of one cell type to another
give an example of metaplasia?
respiratory epithelium usually undergoes metaplasia in repsonse to inhaled irritants
cigarette smoke or industrial pollutents
what is dysplasia?
seen in epithelial when irritation is more severe and prolonged
what is pleomorphism?
tougher replacement tissue; its achitecture is disordered and cells demonstrate varaible size and shape
what is aplasia?
lack of organ develpoment
what is hypolasia?
development that is inadequate
what is a factor in tumor growth?
the imbalace between growth inhibitionand growth stimuli = overgrowth
what is autonomous growth?
growing independently without usual restraints
what is the study of tumors?
oncology
what is a benign tumor?
the growth is relatively slow and orderly and tumor rermains local
what is a malignant tumor?
characterized by rapid growth and by agressive invasion into normal adjascent tissue
what does cancer mean?
latin for crab; crab claw appearance in some tumors
what is a benign glandular tumor called?
adenoma
what is benign tumor in the bone called?
osteoma
What does ectoderm line?
outlayer of surface of body
what does endoderm line?
internal surfaces
what tissue do malignant tumors arise from?
carcinomas
what are malignant glandular tumors called?
adenocarcinomas
what is a cystademoma?
pocket of cyst secreted by adenoma
what tissue do malignant tumors derive from?
mesoderm
called sarcomas
what are tumors called derived from cartilage?
chondroma
what are malignant tumors called derived from fibrous CT?
fibrosarcoma
what is the name when cells become neoplastic in the deepest layer?
basal cell carcinoma
what is the name when cells become neoplastic near the surface of the skin?
squamous cell carcinoma
NEOPLASTIC TISSUE
NEOPLASTIC TISSUE
when is degree of resemblence greater?
in benign tumors
what describes a highly pleomorphic tumor(varies in shape and size)?
malignant tumor
what do malignant cells demonstrate a greater use of?
anaerobic glycolosis
what reflects a pattern of change from a previous cell?
anaplasia
Cases in which there is a lack of resemblence to embryonic tissue?
Giant cell tumor
FIBROUS STROMA
FIBROUS STROMA
What is characteristic of sarcomas?
soft fleshy consistency
what is characteristic of scirrhous tumor?
stromal response is exaggerated and densely collagenous tumor, hard to the touch
VASCULAR STROMA
VASCULAR STROMA
WHAT IS VASCULAR STROMA?
blood vessels within a tumor
whan does a tumor requie additional blood supply?
about 1mm
what is the process of new vessel formation in a tumor called?
angiogensis
what is VEGF and its function?
vascular endothelial growth factor
fx: supports the growth of ther tumor
what are characteristics of vascualr stroma?
loose endothelial junctions and may lack basement membrane
TUMOR PRODUCTS
TUMOR PRODUCTS
what does a squamous cell carcinoma produce?
excessive keratin
how may a tumors diagnosis be aided?
overproduction of enzyme
what are examples of secreting large quantitiesof serous fluid?
serous tumors
what does an overproduction of mucous lead to?
gelatinous texture of muciod tumor
what is the rate of growth of a benign tumor?
more rapidly than nnormal tissue but more slowly than malignant tumor
what is a distinct characteristic of a benign tumor?
presence of fibrous connective tissue capsule that surrounds the tumor mass
