Chapter 2

Question 1

Cultural values

Answer 1

widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable

Question 2

Culture

Answer 2

is the complex whole that includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society

Question 3

Demographics

Answer 3

describe a population in terms of its size, structure and distributions. Size refers to the number of individuals in society. Structure describes the society in terms of age, income, education, and occupation. Distributions refer to the physical location of individuals in terms of geographic region and rural, suburban and urban locations.

Question 4

Environment-oriented values

Answer 4

prescribe a society’s relationship to its economic and technical as well as its physical environment

Question 5

Glocalization

Answer 5

global localization (taking your global marketing strategy and making it relevant to the local audience to increase engagement, conversion and loyalty.

Question 6

Glocalization

Answer 6

the process by which business or the organization develop international influence or start operating on an international scale

Question 7

Guanxi

Answer 7

translated as personal connections/ relationship on which an individual can draw to secure resources or advantages when doing business as well in the course of social life. Its main characterizes are 1. The notion of a continuing reciprocal relationship over an indefinite period of time, 2. Favors are banked, 3. Its extends beyond the relationship between two parties to include other parties within the social network it can be transferred, 4 the relationship network is built among individual not organizations, 5 status matter – relationship with senior will extend to his subordinates but not vice versa and 6 the social relationship is prior to and a prerequisite to the business relationship

Question 8

Instrumental Materialism

Answer 8

the acquisitions of things to enable one to do something

Question 9

Monochronic time perspective

Answer 9

inescapable, linear and fixed in nature. It’s a road reaching into the future with distinct, separate sections hours, days, weeks, etc. Time is seen almost as a physical object; we can schedule it to waste it, lose it and so forth. Person des one thing at a time, we have a strong orientation toward the present and the short-term future.

Question 10

Monochronic time perspective

Answer 10

Events are scheduled one at a time, with one event following another. In a monochronic culture, this type of schedule makes precedence over interpersonal relationships. These cultures emphasize schedule, punctuality and preciseness.

Question 11

Nonverbal communication systems

Answer 11

the arbitrary meanings a culture assigns actions, events, and things other than words

Question 12

Norms

Answer 12

rules that specify or prohibit certain behaviors in specific situations

Question 13

Other-oriented values

Answer 13

reflect society’s view of the appropriate relationship between individuals and groups within society

Question 14

Personal Space

Answer 14

the nearest that other can come to you in various situations without you feeling uncomfortable

Question 15

Personal Space

Answer 15

The physical space immediately surrounding someone, into which any encroachment feels threatening to or uncomfortable to them

Question 16

Polychronic time perspective

Answer 16

view time as being less discrete and less subject to scheduling. Simultaneous involvement in many activities is natural. People and relationships take priority over schedule, and activities occur at their own pace rather than according to a predetermined timetable. Such cultures have an orientation toward the present and the past

Question 17

Polychronic time perspective

Answer 17

a culture does many things at once. Their concept of time is free-flowing and changes depending on each situation. Distractions and interruptions are a natural part of life and have to be taken in stride.

Question 18

Power Distance

Answer 18

to the degree to which people accept inequality in power, authority, status and wealth as natural or inherent in society

Question 19

Purchase Power Parity (PPP)

Answer 19

is a measurement of prices in different countries that use the price of specific goods to compare the absolute purchasing power of the countries currency. Compare economic productivity and standards of living between countries

Question 20

Sanctions

Answer 20

penalties ranging from mild social disapproval to banishment from the group

Question 21

Self-oriented values

Answer 21

reflects the objectives and approaches to life that individual members of society find desirable

Question 22

Terminal Materialism

Answer 22

the acquisition of items for the sake of owning the item itself

Question 23

Verbal communication systems

Answer 23

language, both written and spoken. Refers to the use of words