Chapter 2 Flashcards
Which intervention is most appropriate for young adults with autism to support improved social participation and peer relationships?
Special interest clubs
According to research, extrinsic feedback supports autonomy in task completion.?
False
Which intervention is most appropriate for middle school students with delayed social skills to support improved social participation and peer relationships?
After-school groups
Which type of approach is described in this intervention: building active range of motion?
Bottom-up
What describes the process of using reinforcement to modify behavior?
Operant learning
Which type of approach is described in this intervention: social story recommendation?
Top-down
Cognitive approaches are preferred for children younger than 5 years old.
False
Which type of extrinsic feedback would include a therapist telling their client a basketball is not being thrown high enough to make it into the basket?
Knowledge of results
Which approach uses operant conditioning in highly controlled environments in which a therapist gives a child an instruction and rewards the child for an appropriate response?
Applied Behavioral Analysis
What describes a systematic process of progressive acquisition of a new behavior through performance of successive acts that collectively represent a more advanced skill?
Shaping
Which protective factor is supported by this strategy: encouraging parents to join a play group?
Societal connections
Which type of approach is described in this intervention: handwriting activities?
Bottom-up
Which approach suggests that motor behavior is a dynamic cooperation of many subsystems in a task-specific context?
Dynamic systems theory
What refers to the contexts and situations that occur outside individuals and elicit responses from them, including personal, institutional, and physical factors?
Environments
What approach uses a functional behavioral assessment to identify antecedents to a behavior that can be removed or modified from the environment?
Positive behavioral supports
Who stated, “…that man through the use of his hands as they are energized by his mind and will can influence the state of his own health”?
Reilly developed this theory of Occupational behavior emphasizing work and play.
According to research synthesized by Shikako-Thomas et. Al, children with disabilities are more likely to participate in informal activities, like reading and television, than formal activities, like art lessons and organized sports.
True
hat is the study of human beings and their relationship to their environments?
Human ecology
What refers to the contexts and situations that occur outside individuals and elicit responses from them, including personal, institutional, and physical factors?
Environments
Environmental factors can limit or facilitate engagement in occupation.
Which term refers to the congruence between a person and their environment?
Environmental fit
Which theory suggests that optimal fit of activity and environment to a person’s goals, interests, and skills can lead to optimal participation in health?
The person- environment- occupation model (PEO)
This model suggests that occupational performance is the result of the dynamic, transactive relationship involving person, environment, and occupation.
Which approach uses operant conditioning in highly controlled environments in which a therapist gives a child an instruction and rewards the child for an appropriate response?
Discrete trial training
Which approach uses the environment to stimulate a child’s interest; once play occurs, the therapist creates challenges and rewards the child for their attempts?
Incidental teaching
Which approach has an emphasis on methods to promote generalization of learning by interspersing mastered tasks with learned tasks?
Pivotal response training
Which type of approach is described in this intervention: building active range of motion?
Bottom-up (Body function/ structure
Which type of approach is described in this intervention: handwriting activities?
Bottom-up (activity and participation),
Which type of approach is described in this intervention: workspace modification?
Top down approach
Which type of approach is described in this intervention: social story recommendation?
Top down approach
Which protective factor is supported by this strategy: supporting fathers in nurturing roles?
Nurturing and attachment
Which protective factor is supported by this strategy: modeling desirable behaviors?
Knowledges of parenting and child development
Which protective factor is supported by this strategy: stress management techniques?
Parental resilience
Which protective factor is supported by this strategy: encouraging parents to join a play group?
Societal connections
Which protective factor is supported by this strategy: suggesting disability group resources to parents?
Parental resilience
Which protective factor is supported by this strategy: praising parents for nurturing behaviors?
Social and emotional competence of children
What describes a systematic process of progressive acquisition of a new behavior through performance of successive acts that collectively represent a more advanced skill?
Shaping
What describes the process of using reinforcement to modify behavior?
Instrumental or operant learning; behavior is strengthened and maintained with positive reinforcement.
What describes the sequence of a stimulus reaction, then a behavioral response, followed by an environmental consequence?
Contingency of behavior,
What approach uses a functional behavioral assessment to identify antecedents to a behavior that can be removed or modified from the environment?
Positive behavioral supports
Which experience is best described in this intervention: Sally, an occupational therapy assistant, brings her client to a quiet and secluded corner. There, Sally directs the client to stack three blocks vertically in a color-coded sequence. Upon completing the task, Sally rewards her client with a handful of goldfish crackers.
Discrete trial training
Which experience is best described in this intervention: Josh, the occupational therapy assistant, prepares the classroom with a variety of fine motor manipulatives in advance. Josh brings his client in, and allows them to explore the environment. As Josh’s client selects
different activities, Josh creates a challenge within the activity and supports his client to
explore potential solutions.
Incidental teaching
Cognitive approaches are preferred for children younger than 5 years old.
False
Which intervention is most appropriate for school-age children with behavioral problems to support improved social participation and peer relationships?
Yoga dyads
Which intervention is most appropriate for school-age children with low social skills to support improved social participation and peer relationships?
Arts and crafts groups
Which intervention is most appropriate for middle school students with delayed social skills to support improved social participation and peer relationships?
After-school groups
Which intervention is most appropriate for high school students with delayed social skills to support improved social participation and peer relationships?
Cooking groups
Which intervention is most appropriate for young adults with autism to support improved social participation and peer relationships?
Special interests groups
Which approach suggests that motor behavior is a dynamic cooperation of many subsystems in a task-specific context?
Neurodevelopmental Therapy (NDT) - may follow biomechanical approaches
Handwriting is an example of what kind of task?
Complex tasks
Cutting out a shape using scissors is an example of what kind of task?
Closed-loop
Playing the piano is an example of what kind of task?
Environment changing-environment stationary
Reduced, intermittent feedback helps children perform their best.
False
Which guidelines are correct when selecting appropriate seating for optimal functioning?
The head aligns over the shoulders that align with the pelvis
- The hip angle is approximately 90-95 degrees. The pelvis is secured with a strap
- The trunk is at midline with symmetric weight bearing on buttocks
- The arms are forward toward midline and can move freely
- Muscle tone is sufficiently relaxed to allow movement of the head and extremities
- The feet are supported, and the legs are well supported
Which approach encourages the modification of the demands of a task and environment to be congruent with a child’s ability level?
Top-down
What is defined as a reciprocal process between a professional and a learner that allows the learner to discover their own solutions?
Coaching
