Chapter 1 Flashcards
Infancy PAR
Birth to 12 months
Toddler PAR
12 m to 2 y
Early Childhood PAR
2 y to 5 y
School-aged PAR
6 y to 12 y
What are the four themes that characterize occupational therapy practice with children and adolescents?
Individualized therapy services
Inclusive and integrated services
Cultural Competence.
Integrated services.
Individualized therapy services
client-centered services, strength-based approaches, family-center services.
Inclusive and integrated services
Natural environments, integrated service.
What is the definition of child-centered occupational therapy, as defined by Law, Baptiste, and Mills?
Is an approach to service that embraces a philosophy or respect for and partnership with people receiving services?
The strength-based model can lead to increased self-efficacy and self-determination. True or False
True
According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), services to preschool and school-aged children should be in
Least Restrictive Environment.
According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), services to infants and toddlers should be in
Natural Environment.
Research has shown that intervention strategies that occur in real-life settings produce greater developmental change than those that take place in more contrived, clinic-based settings.
Ture or False
True
According to the evidence, what two service delivery models offer the most flexibility for school¬-based services?
Block Scheduling – OT spends 2 to 3 hours in the early childhood classroom working with the children with special needs one on one and is mall groups while supporting the teacher staff. Allowing for OT to learn about the classroom, develop relationships with the teachers and understand the curriculum sot that the can design intervention that are easily integrated into the classroom
Co-teaching – model emphasizes preventive approaches in that children at risk for disabilities as well as children in individualized education programs receive OT services. OT and teacher plan and implement the sessions together. Successful in handwriting
Which school-based service delivery model includes such benefits as embedding occupational therapy services in the classroom curriculum and daily integrated services for students with individualized education plans?
Co-teaching.
According to Case-Smith, the best approach to an assessment is “top-down”, which means the evaluation process begins by gaining an understanding of the child’s level of participation in daily occupations and routines with the important people in their lives.
Ture
In an ecological assessment of a child’s function during class, where is the assessment completed?
Home, school, and community environments.
What evaluation component involves obtaining information about the child’s developmental and functional strengths and limitations through informal interviews and observation?
Occupational Profile
What evaluation component utilizes standardized evaluations, structured observation, and focused questions to parents and caregivers?
Assessment of Performance
What evaluation component analyzes underlying reasons for limitations in performance and behavior?
Analysis of Performance
What evaluation component involves the assessment and observation of the environment?
Environmental/contextual assessment
What is the primary occupation for children?
Play
List the four elements of a “just-right” challenge:
- Marches the child’s developmental skills and interests.
- Provided a reasonable challenge to current performance level.
- Engages and motivates the child;.
- Can be mastered with the child’s focused effort.
The only role of assistive technology is to compensate for missing or delayed function in children.
It is also used to promote development in targeted performance areas.
When is a system change in education most accepted?
When the benefits appear high and the cost are low.
Feedback may be more important for learning
A complex skill
Which school-based service delivery model includes such benefits as embedding occupational therapy services in the classroom curriculum and daily integrated services for students with individualized education plans?
Co-teaching
Research has shown that intervention strategies that occur in real-life settings produce greater developmental change than those that take place in more contrived, clinic-based settings.
True
What is the primary occupation for children?
Play
Which situation best describes a client-centered approach to occupational therapy services?
Sam, a 15 year old male, was admitted to an inpatient treatment facility. The lead psychiatrist referred him to occupational therapy. An occupational therapist met with Sam to discuss his likes, dislikes, interests, and challenges. Sam identified that he wanted to play basketball, but struggled with anger on the court. After completing the Sensory Profile, the occupational therapist generated a list of potential anger management skills. Sam trialed each intervention, marking which interventions he preferred. Sam and the therapist created a sensory diet to be completed before, during, and after games to help support his anger management goal while playing basketball.
In an ecological assessment of a child’s function during class, where is the assessment completed?
The classroom
When is a system change in education most accepted?
High benefit, low cost
A strength-based model:
Can increase parents’ engagement
Can increase physical affection toward the child
Can increase positive affect toward child
Can relieve parents’ stress
All of the above**
Kristoff, a six year old boy, is fascinated with all things snow and ice. He was referred to occupational therapy with handwriting concerns; he is not yet able to write his name. Which intervention would be most motivational to encourage Kristoff to engage in and sustain attention during an occupational therapy session?
With his finger, drawing his name in the fake snow in the sensory bin
List the four elements of a “just-right” challenge:
- Marches the child’s developmental skills and interests.
- Provided a reasonable challenge to current performance level.
- Engages and motivates the child;.
- Can be mastered with the child’s focused effort.
If not inhibited, which reflex may cause on overflow of oral movement during fine motor activities?
Babkin
If not inhibited, which reflex could case oral sensitivity later in childhood?
Rooting
Which reaction is seen when an infant, in supine with head in midline, will turn its entire body in the direction it turns its head?
Neck on body righting reaction (NOB)
Which reaction is seen when an infant, held vertical and tilted to the side, orients its head to a vertical position?
Optical righting reaction
