Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Psychology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

neurons

A

cell body and branching fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

dendrite

A

fibers receive info and conduct it toward cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

axon

A

passage of the message

covered with myelin sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

action potential

A

electrical charge travels down axon

fired by neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

synapse

A

meeting point between neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemical messengers released when action potential reaches terminals at axon’s end
(crosses synaptic gap and binds to receptors on receiving neuron)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

reuptake

A

sending neuron reabsorbs excess neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

morphine

A

elevates mood, eases pain (opiate drug)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

dopamine

A

influences movement, learning, attention, emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

seratonin

A

mood, hunger, sleep arousal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

norepinephrine

A

alertness, arousal

Neurotransmitter and a hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

agonist

A

similar to neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

antagonist

A

bind to receptors, but block neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

brain, spinal cord

decision maker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

gathers info, transmits CNS decisions to all other body parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

nerves

A

electrical cables formed of bundles of axons

links CNS to body’s sensory receptors, muscles, glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sensory neurons

A

carry messages from body’s tissues; inward towards brain and spinal cord for processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

interneurons

A

process info within CNS (reflexes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

somatic nervous system

A

(PNS) enables voluntary control of skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

(PNS) controls glands, muscles in internal organs through sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

(PNS) arouses and expends energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

(PNS) calms, keeps steady internal state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

spinal cord

A

(CNS) info highway; connects PNS to brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

endocrine system

A

glands secrete another form of chemical messengers (hormones) which travel through the bloodstream and affect other tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

adrenal glands

A

kidney

fight or flight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

hypothalamus

A

brain

controls pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

pituitary gland

A

brain

secretes hormones; growth

28
Q

thyroid

A

throat

metabolism

29
Q

parathyroid

A

throat

Calcium in blood

30
Q

pancreas

A

abdomen

sugar level in blood

31
Q

testis

A

secretes male sex hormones

32
Q

ovary

A

secretes female sex hormones

33
Q

feedback system

A

brain –> pituitary –> other glands –> hormones –> brain

34
Q

electroenocephalogram (EEG)

A

amplified recording of waves of electrical activity

35
Q

positron emission technology (PET)

A

visual display of brain detects where radioactive form of glucose goes while brain performs task

36
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

magnetic fields and radio waves produce computer generated images of soft tissue

37
Q

brainstem: medulla

A

controls heartbeat and breathing

38
Q

brainstem: pons

A

controls movement (above medulla)

39
Q

thalamus

A

receives info from all senses (except smell) and routes it to higher brain regions that deal with the senses
also transmits messages to medulla and cerebellum

40
Q

reticular formation

A

filters incoming stimuli and relays important info to other areas of brain; affects arousal

41
Q

cerebellum

A

enables one type of nonverbal learning and memory, judge time, modulate emotions, discriminate sounds and textures, coordinates voluntary movement

42
Q

limbic system

A

emotions

hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus

43
Q

hippocampus

A

memory, links emotions and basic motives

44
Q

amygdala

A

influence aggression and fear

45
Q

hypothalamus

A

govern body maintenance, hunger, thirst, body temperature, sexual behavior, monitors blood chemistry, takes orders from other parts of the brain, reward center

46
Q 
reward center
(reward deficiency syndrome)
A

usually releases dopamine

mouse experiment

47
Q

cerebellum

A

enables perceiving, thinking, speaking

48
Q

cerebral cortex

A

thin surface layer of interconnected neural cells

four lobes separated by fissures

49
Q

frontal lobe

A

speaking, muscle movements, making plans and judgements

50
Q

motor cortex

A

(strip at rear of frontal lobes)

controls voluntary movements

51
Q

sensory cortex

A

(parietal lobe)

registers and processes body touch and movement sensations

52
Q

visual cortex

A

(occipital lobe)

53
Q

auditory cortex

A

(temporal lobe)

54
Q

association areas

A

Vast area of the brain. receive sensory input/direct muscular output; integrate info and link sensory inputs with stored memories
(found in all 4 lobes)

55
Q

Broca’s Area

A

speaking

56
Q

Wernickes area

A

hearing

57
Q

brain plasticity

A

ability to modify itself after some types of damage (neural tissue can reorganize in response to damage)

58
Q

neurogenesis

A

forms new neurons every day

59
Q

divided brain

A

left/right hemisphere

60
Q

corpus callosum

A

wide band of axon fibers connecting two hemispheres and carrying info between them

61
Q

split brains

A

lacking corpus callosum

62
Q

right hemisphere

A

perceptual task; makes inferences

63
Q

left hemisphere

A

speaks, calculates

64
Q

parietal lobe

A

(top of head towards rear)

receives sensory input for touch and body position

65
Q

occipital lobe

A

(back of head)

includes areas that receive information from visual field

66
Q

temporal lobe

A

(above ears)

auditory areas, receiving info primarily from opposite ear

67
Q

Aphasia

A

Language impairment

Damage to:
Broca’s area=disrupts speaking

Wernicke’s area=speak only meaningless words

General Psychology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions