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General Psychology > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

personality

A

an individuals characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and acting

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2
Q

free association

Freud

A

method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing

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3
Q

unconscious

Freud

A

a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories

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4
Q

psychoanalysis

Freud

A
  • theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts
  • techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
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5
Q

ego

Freud

A

largely conscious “executive” part of personality that mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality
-operates under reality principle, satisfying id’s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain

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6
Q

superego

Freud

A

part of personality that represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement (the conscience) and for future aspirations

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7
Q

id

Freud

A

contains a reservoir or unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives
-operates pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification

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8
Q

psychosexual stages:

A

childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which the id’s pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones

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9
Q

oedipus complex

Freud

A

a boy’s sexual desires towards his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for rival father

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10
Q

identification

Freud

A

processing by which children incorporate their parents values into their developing superegos
(gender identity)

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11
Q

fixation

Freud

A

a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved

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12
Q 
defense mechanisms
(Freud)
A

the ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

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13
Q

defense mechanisms:

repression

A

basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness

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14
Q

defense mechanisms:

regression

A

retreating to a more infantile psychosexual stage where psychic energy remains fixated

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15
Q

defense mechanisms:

reaction formation

A

switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites

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16
Q

defense mechanisms:

projection

A

disguising one’s own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

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17
Q

defense mechanisms:

rationalization

A

offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening unconscious reasons for one’s actions

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18
Q

defense mechanisms:

displacement

A

shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable/less threatening object/person

19
Q

Neo-Freudian

A
  • accept: id, ego, superego, unconscious, shaping of personality in childhood, dynamics of anxiety and the defense mechanism
  • disagree: more emphasis should be placed on conscious mind’s role, doubt sex and aggression are all consuming motivations
  • collective unconscious
20
Q

collective unconscious

Carl Jung

A

concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species’ history

21
Q

projective tests

A

personality test that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one’s inner dynamics

22
Q

Rorschach Inkblot test

A
  • most widely used projective test; set of 10 inkblots

- seeks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots

23
Q

self actualization

Maslow

A

one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic, physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved, the motivation to fulfill ones potential

24
Q

Carl Rogers’ Person-Centered Perspective

A
  • people are basically good and endowed with self-actualizing tendencies
  • growth-promoting climate requires three conditions: genuineness, acceptance, empathy
25
Q

genuineness

A

open with their own feelings, drop their facades, and are transparent and self-disclosing

26
Q

acceptance

A

offer unconditional positive regard, an attitude of grace that values us even knowing our failures

27
Q

empathy

A

sharing or mirroring other’s feelings and reflecting their meanings

28
Q

self-concept

A

all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves

29
Q

trait

A

a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel or act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports

30
Q

personality inventories

A

a questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings/behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits

31
Q

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

A

originally developed to identify emotional disorders

32
Q

empirically derived test

A

a test developed by testing a pool of items and ten selecting those that discriminate between groups

33
Q

Big five personality factors

A
  1. conscientiousness
  2. agreeableness
  3. neuroticism
  4. openness
  5. extraversion
34
Q

social-cultural perspective:

Albert Bandura

A

emphasized interaction of our traits with our situations

35
Q

reciprocal determinism

A

the interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition and environment

36
Q

biological influences of personality

A
  • genetics
  • autonomous nervous system activity
  • brain activity
37
Q

psychological influences of personality

A
  • learned responses
  • unconscious thought process
  • expectations and interpretations
38
Q

social-cultural influences on personality

A
  • influence of the situation
  • cultural expectations
  • social support
39
Q

personal control

A

extent to which people perceive control over their environment rather than feeling helpless

40
Q

external locus of control

A

the perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate

41
Q

internal locus of control

A

the perception that you control your own fate

42
Q

learned helplessness

A

the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns

43
Q

spotlight effect

A

overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearance

General Psychology (13 decks)

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