Chapter 11 Flashcards
emotions
focus our attention and energize our actions
three attributes of emotion
- physiological arousal (heart pounding)
- expressive behaviors (quickened pace)
- consciously experienced thoughts and feelings
James-Lange Theory
first physiological response, then experience emotion
Cannon-Bard theory
physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously
-emotion-triggering stimulus is routed separately but simultaneously to the brain’s cortex, causing the subjective awareness of emotion and to sympathetic nervous system
two-factor theory
schachter-singer
to experience emotions, one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal
sympathetic division of autonomic nervous system
directs adrenal glands to release the stress hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine
-effects: provide energy (liver releases sugar in to bloodstream), respiration increases to increase O2 intake, increase HR, increase BP, energy directed towards muscles
parasympathetic division of autonomic nervous system
takes over, calms body
fear
brow muscles tense, amygdala
negative emotions
linked with the right hemisphere
depression
right frontal lobe
positive moods
left frontal lobe
spillover effect
the tendency of one person’s emotion to affect how other people around them feel
low road
pathway from eye/ear via the thalamus to the amygdala, bypassing the cortex (quick response)
high road
pathway goes to thalamus, sensory cortex, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, then fear response
gender and emotion
- women read emotions better
- women display greater emotional responsiveness
- women are more open to feelings
- women are more likely to express empathy
anger
- catharsis: venting anger to achieve emotional release
- anger primes prejudice
- anger outbursts are temporarily calming; become a habit because it is reinforcing
happiness
-happy people perceive the world as safer, feel more confident, make decisions more easily, live healthier lives
(happiness)
feel-good, do-good phenomenon
people’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood
(happiness)
subjective well-being
self-perceived happiness/satisfaction with life
adaptation-level phenomenon:
our tendency to form judgments relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience
relative deprivation
the perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves
predictors of happiness
culture, heritability (genetic predispositions)
stress
the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events (stressors) that we appraise as threatening or challenging
oxytocin
stress-moderating hormone