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Gen Bio 1 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is an element?

A

a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions

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2
Q

what is a compound?

A

a substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio

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3
Q

what are essential elements?

A

20-25% of the 92 natural elements; elements that an organism needs to live a healthy life and reproduce

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4
Q

what are trace elements

A

elements that are needed by organisms to survive but only in minute quantities

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5
Q

what is an atom?

A

smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element

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6
Q

what are neutrons?

A

atoms with a neutral charge

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7
Q

what are protons?

A

atoms with a positive charge

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8
Q

what are electrons?

A

atoms with a negative charge

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9
Q

what is the atomic nucleus?

A

the center of an atom; where protons and neutrons are packed tightly together

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10
Q

what is a dalton?

A

a dalton is a unit of measurement for atoms and subatomic particles

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11
Q

what is an atomic number of an element?

A

number of protons, unique to the element; written as a subscript to the left of the symbol for the element

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12
Q

what is the mass number

A

the mass number of an element is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

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13
Q

what is an isotope?

A

atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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14
Q

what is a radioactive isotope?

A

an isotope in which the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy

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15
Q

what is a half life

A

the time it takes for 50% of the parent isotope to decay

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16
Q

what is radiometric dating

A

scientists measure the ratio of different isotopes and calculate how many half lives in years have passed since an organism was fossilized or a rock was formed

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17
Q

what is energy?

A

energy is defined as the capacity to cause change for instance by doing work

18
Q

what is potential energy?

A

energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure

19
Q

what is a electron shell

A

electrons are found in different electron shells, each with a characteristic average distance and energy level

20
Q

what are valence electrons

A

outer shell electrons

21
Q

what is the valence shell

A

outermost shell

22
Q

what is a orbital

A

three dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time

23
Q

what are chemical bonds

A

attraction between atoms

24
Q

what is a molecule

A

two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

25
Q

what is a single bond

A

a pair of shared electrons

26
Q

what is a double bond

A

sharing two pairs of valence electrons

27
Q

what is an atom’s valence

A

an atom’s bonding capacity

28
Q

what is a nonpolar covalent bond

A

electrons are shared equally

29
Q

what is a polar covalent bond

A

electrons are shared inequally

30
Q

what are ions

A

oppositely charged atoms

31
Q

what is a cation

A

positively charged atom

32
Q

what is a anion

A

negatively charged atom

33
Q

what is a ionic bond

A

cations and anions attract each other; electron is stripped

34
Q

what is electronegativity

A

attraction of a particular atom for the electrons of a covalent bond

35
Q

what is a ionic compound

A

compounds formed by ionic bonds; salts

36
Q

what is a hydrogen bond

A

noncovalent attraction between a hydrogen and electronegative atom

37
Q

what are van der Waals interactions

A

changing regions of positive and negative charge that enable all atoms and molecules to stick to one another

38
Q

what are reactants

A

starting matierals

39
Q

what are products

A

resulting materials

40
Q

what is a chemical equilibrium

A

the point at which the reactions offset one another exactly

Gen Bio 1 (27 decks)

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