Chapter 11

Question 1

hormones

Answer 1

molecules for long-distance signaling

Question 2

ligand gated ion channel

Answer 2

is a type of membrane channel receptor containing a region that can act as a gate, open or closing the channel when the receptor changes shape

Question 3

protein kinase

Answer 3

enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to a protein

Question 4

phosphorylation cascade

Answer 4

what is created by a hypothetical pathway containing two different protein kinases

Question 5

protein phosphates

Answer 5

enzymes that can rapidly remove phosphate groups from proteins; a process called dephosphorylation

Question 6

second messengers

Answer 6

small, nonprotein, water soluble molecules

Question 7

cyclic amp

Answer 7

small molecule produced from atp

Question 8

adenylyl cyclase

Answer 8

converts ATP to cAMP

Question 9

scaffolding proteins

Answer 9

large relay proteins to which several other relay proteins are simultaneously attached

Question 10

apoptosis

Answer 10

cell suicide