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Gen Bio 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is biology

A

the scientific study of life

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2
Q

what are some properties of life

A

order, evolutionary adaptation, regulation, energy processing, growth and development, response to the environment, and reproduction

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2
Q

what are the levels of biological organization (biggest to smallest)

A

biosphere>ecosystems>communities>populations>organisms>organs>tissues>cells>organelles>molecules

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2
Q

what is the biosphere

A

consists of all life on earth and all the places where life exists; most regions of land, most bodies of water, the atmosphere to an altitude of several kilometers, and even sediments far below the ocean floor

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3
Q

what is an ecosystem

A

consists of all the living things in a particular area, along with all the nonliving components of the environment with which life interacts

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4
Q

what is a community

A

the array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem

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5
Q

what is a population

A

a population consists of all the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specific area that interbreed with one another

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6
Q

what is an organism

A

individual living things

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7
Q

what are organs

A

a body part made up of multiple tissues and has specific functions in the body

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8
Q

what are tissues

A

tissues are groups of cells that work together performing a specialized function

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9
Q

what are cells

A

the cell is life’s fundamental unit of structure and function

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10
Q

what are organelles

A

the various functional components present in cells

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11
Q

what are molecules

A

a molecule is a chemical structure consisting of two or more units called atoms

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12
Q

what are emergent properties

A

novel properties that emerge at each level

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13
Q

what is systems biology

A

the exploration of a biological system by analyzing the interactions among its parts

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14
Q

what is a eukaryotic cell

A

cell that contains membrane enclosed organelles; DNA containing nucleus

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15
Q

what is a prokaryotic cell

A

a prokaryotic cell is a cell that doesn’t have membrane enclosed organelles, and lacks a nucleus; smaller than eukaryotic cells

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16
Q

Full name of DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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17
Q

what are genes

A

basic units of heredity; encode the information necessary to build all of the molecules synthesized within a cell, which in turn establish that cell’s identity and function

18
Q

what is gene expression

A

entire by process by which the information in a gene directs the manufacture of a cellular product

19
Q

what is a genome

A

the entire “library” of genetic instructions that an organism inherits

20
Q

what is genomics

A

when researchers study whole sets of genes in one or more species

21
Q

what is proteomics

A

the study of sets of proteins and their properties

22
Q

what is a proteome

A

entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell, tissue, or organism

23
Q

what are bioinformatics

A

the use of computational tools to store, organize, and analyze the huge volume of data that results from high throughput methods

24
Q

what are producers

A

photosynthetic organisms that produce food from the sun

25
Q

what are consumers

A

consumers are organisms that feed on other organisms or their remains

26
Q

what is feedback regulation

A

feedback regulation is the output or product of a process that regulates that very process

27
Q

what is climate change

A

a directional change to the global climate that lasts for three decades or more

28
Q

what is evolution

A

a process of biological change in which species accumulate differences from their ancestors as they adapt to different environments over time

29
Q

what are the three domains?

A

domain bacteria, domain archaea and domain eukarya

30
Q

what organisms fall under bacteria and archaea

A

single celled organisms

31
Q

what organisms are in eukarya

A

all the eukaryotes, four subgroups: kingdom plantae, kingdom fungi, kingdom animalia, and the protists

32
Q

what is kingdom plantae

A

kingdom plantae consists of multicellular eukaryotes that carry out photosynthesis, the conversion of light energy to the chemical energy in food. most plant species live on land,

33
Q

what is kingdom fungi

A

kingdom fungi is characterized in part by the nutritional mode of its members (such as this mushroom) which absorb nutrients from outside their bodies

34
Q

what is kingdom animalia

A

kingdom animalia consists of multicellular eukaryotes that ingest other organisms

35
Q

what is natural selection

A

natural selection is the mechanism of evolutionary adaptation as the natural environment consistently selects for the propagation of certain traits among naturally occurring variant traits in the population

36
Q

what is inquiry

A

inquiry is the search for information and the explanations of natural phenomena

37
Q

what is data?

A

recorded observations

38
Q

what is inductive reasoning

A

collecting and analyzing observations can lead to important conclusions

39
Q

what is a hypothesis

A

an explanation based on observations and assumptions that leads to a testable prediction

40
Q

what is an experiement

A

a scientific test, carried out under controlled conditions

41
Q

what is deductive reasoning?

A

deductive reasoning involves logic that flows in the opposite direction: from general to specific

42
Q

what is an independent variable

A

the variable being manipulated by researchers

43
Q

what is a dependent variable

A

the factor being measured that is predicted to be affected by the independent variable

44
Q

what is a theory

A

more broad than hypothesis, more general, and more supported by a much greater body of evidence

45
Q

what is a model organism

A

a species that is easy to grow in the lab and lends itself particularly well to questions being investigated

Gen Bio 1 (27 decks)

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